ch 1 introduction to medical langauge

Medical language allows health cares professionals to…

Be clear, communicate quickly, and provide comfort to patients

why two languages does medical language come from?

Greek and Latin

eponyms

Acronyms

What modern languages influence medical language

German, french and English

What syllables do you focus on normally?

The last three

Ultima

The last syllable

Penult

The almost-last syllable

Atepenult

The one that is just before the penult

Where does the emphasis using fall?

On the third-to-last syllable (antepenult)

Ex. KAR/dee/ak

kar/de/AW/loh/jee

Root

Foundation or subject of the term

Suffix

Ending that gives essential meaning to the term

Prefix

Added to the beginning of a term when needed to further modify the root

Commons roots

Function like nouns in the language of medicine

Are often followed by a combining vowel

Ex. Arthr/o

Cardi/o

gen/o (JIN-oh)

creation, cause

hydr/o (HAI-droh)

water

morph/o (MOR-foh)

change

myc/o (MAI-koh)

fungus

necr/o (NEH-kroh)

death

orth/o (OR-thoh)

straight

path/o (PAH-thoh)

suffering, disease

phag/o (FAY-goh)

eat

plas/o (PLAH-soh)

formation

py/o (PAI-oh)

pus

scler/o (SKLEH-roh)

hard

sten/o (STIH-noh)

narrowing

troph/o (TROH-foh)

nourishment, development

xen/o (ZEE-noh)

foreign

adjective

often mean pertaining to

noun

turn the root into a noun

diminutive

transform a term’s meaning to a smaller version

what suffix means pertaining to

-ac (ak), -al (Al), -ar (ar), -ary (ar-ee), -eal (ee-al), -ic (ik), -tic (tik), -ous (us)

what suffix means condition

-ia (ee-ah), -ism (ih-zum), -y (ee)

what suffix means tissue, structure

-ium (ee-um)

what suffix means procedure

-y

what suffix means small

-icle (ik-el), -ole (ohl), -ule (yool), -ula (yoo-lah)

what is a complex suffix

formed with other suffixes, roots, and prefixes

ex. -tomy is formed by -y suffix and -tom/o root

-ist

specialist

-logy

study of

-logist

specialist in the study of

categories of complex suffixes

professional terms

symptoms, diseases, or conditions

test and treatment ps performed by healthcare professionals

what suffix means medical science

-iatrics (ee-AH-triks) and -iatry (AI-ah-tree)

what suffix means specialist in medicine of

-iatrist (EE-ah-trist)

what suffix means pain

-algia (AL-jah) and -dynia (DIN-ee-ah or Dai-nee-ah)

what suffix means hernia

-cele (EEm-ee-ah)

what suffix means blood condition

-emia (EEm-ee-ah)

what suffix means presence of

-iasis (AI-ah-sis)

what suffix means inflammation

-itis (AIT-is)

what suffix means to break down

-lysis

-malacia (mah-LAY-shee-ah)

abnormal softening

-megaly (MEG-ah-lee)

enlargement

-oid (OYD)

resembling

-oma (OH-mah)

tumor

-osis (OH-sis)

condition

-pathy (pah-thee)

disease

-penia (PEE-nee-ah)

deficiency

-ptosis (puh-TOH-sis)

drooping

-rrhage (RIJ) and -rrhagia (RAY-jee-ah)

excessive flow

-rrhea (REE-ah)

flow

-rrhexis (REK-sis)

rupture

-spasm (spazm)

involuntary contraction

-centesis (sin-TEE-sis)

puncture

-gram

written record

-graph (graf)

instrument used to produce a record

-graphy (grah-fee)

process of recording

-meter (meet-er)

instrument used to measure

-metry (meh-tree)

process of measuring

-scope (skohp)

instrument used to look

-scopy

process of looking

-desis (DEE-sis)

bind, fixation

-ectomy (EK-toh-mee)

removal

-pexy (PEK-see)

surgical fixation

-plasty (PLAS-tee)

reconstruction

-rrhaphy (rah-fee)

suture

-stomy (stoh-mee)

creation of an opening

-tomy (toh-mee)

incision

comparison of singular and plurals

singular: -a, -ax, -ex, -ix, -is, -ma, -on, -um, -us, and -y

plural:-ae, -aces, -ices, -es, -mata, -a, -i, -ies

prefix

word part placed at the beginning of a word

categories of prefix

negation

time or speed

direction of position

size or quantity

general

a- (ay) and an- (an)

not

anti- (AN-tee) & contra- (KON-trah)

against

de- (dee)

down, away from

ante- (AN-tee) & pre- (pree)

before

pro- (proh)

before, on behalf of

brady- (BRAH-dih or BRAY-dih)

slow

tachy- (TAH-kih)

fast

post- (pohst)

after

re-

again

ab-

away

ad-

toward

circum- (SIR-kum) & peri- (PER-ee)

around

dia- (DAI-ah) & trans- (tranz)

through

e- (Eh) & ec- (ek)

out

ecto- (EK-toh), exo- (EK-soh) & extra- (EKS-trah)

outside

en-, endo- (EN-doh) & intra- (IN-trah)

in, inside

epi- (EH-pee)

upon

sub-

beneath

inter-

between

bi- (bai)

two

hemi- (HEH-mee) & semi- (SEH-mee)

half