2(g) Acids, bases, and protons

studied byStudied by 0 people
0.0(0)
learn
LearnA personalized and smart learning plan
exam
Practice TestTake a test on your terms and definitions
spaced repetition
Spaced RepetitionScientifically backed study method
heart puzzle
Matching GameHow quick can you match all your cards?
flashcards
FlashcardsStudy terms and definitions

1 / 15

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.

16 Terms

1

what salts are always soluble?

sodium, potassium, and ammonium (SPA salts)

nitrates

New cards
2

what are the solubility rules for chlorides?

most are soluble

silver and lead (II) chloride are insoluble (Ag, Pb)

New cards
3

what are the solubility rules for sulfates?

most are soluble

barium, calcium, and lead (II) sulfate are insoluble (Ba, Ca, Pb)

New cards
4

what are the solubility rules for carbonates?

all are insoluble except for the SPA salts

New cards
5

what are the solubility rules for hydroxides?

all are insoluble except for the SPA salts

calcium hydroxide is slightly soluble in water

New cards
6

define acids and bases

acids are proton donors, as they ionize in solution, producing protons (H+ ions)

bases are proton acceptors, as they ionize in solution, producing OH- ions, which can accept protons

New cards
7

what are some examples of bases? (remember the bonus one)

metal oxides

metal hydroxides

metal carbonates

ammonia solution

New cards
8

what are the products when an acid reacts with a metal?

acid + metal → salt + hydrogen

New cards
9

what are the products when an acid reacts with a metal oxide?

acid + metal oxide → salt + water

New cards
10

what are the products when an acid reacts with a metal hydroxide?

acid + metal hydroxide → salt + water

New cards
11

what are the products when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate?

acid + metal carbonate → salt + water + carbon dioxide

New cards
12

if there is effervescence present in an acid-base reaction, what must the base be?

a metal carbonate

the bubbles are CO2

New cards
13

what is the difference between a base and an alkali?

an alkali is a base that is soluble in water

all alkalis are bases, but not all bases are alkalis

New cards
14

what is the difference between ammonia and ammonium, and what are their formulas?

what is special about ammonia?

ammonia is the gas - NH3

ammonium is the ion - NH4+

ammonia solution is also a base - when ammonia reacts with water, it produces hydroxide ions

NH3 + H2O → NH4+ + OH-

TIP: aqueous ammonia and ammonium hydroxide are the same thing

New cards
15

what method should you use for making an insoluble salt, and how?

precipitation method

  1. mix together equal volumes of two aqueous solutions, one containing the postive ion, and one containing the negative ion

  2. filter out the precipitate with filter paper and a funnel

  3. wash the precipitate with distilled water to remove traces of other solutions

  4. leave to dry in a warm place

New cards
16

what method should you use for making a soluble salt that is not a SPA salt, and how?

acid + insoluble base method

  1. put 50cm3 of dilute acid into a beaker and heat on a tripod with gauze using a bunsen burner

  2. add insoluble base while stirring until no more dissolves (to ensure that all the acid reacts)

  3. transfer the solution into an evaporating basin and heat until you are left with a saturated solution (check that it is saturated by dipping in a glass rod - if it is saturated, crystals will form)

  4. leave the solution to cool and crystals to form

  5. rinse the crystals with some distilled water and leave them to dry in a warm place

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 18 people
899 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 32 people
794 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 1 person
28 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 103 people
856 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 3 people
761 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 10 people
693 days ago
4.5(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 39 people
953 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 11 people
776 days ago
5.0(1)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (33)
studied byStudied by 3 people
792 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (62)
studied byStudied by 5 people
765 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (82)
studied byStudied by 10 people
56 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (40)
studied byStudied by 5 people
171 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (20)
studied byStudied by 115 people
507 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (25)
studied byStudied by 12 people
468 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (25)
studied byStudied by 2 people
661 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (38)
studied byStudied by 38 people
8 days ago
5.0(1)
robot