SOCI Chapter 5 - Socialization

adolescence

A period stretching from puberty to about 18-years-old characterized by the role adjustment from childhood to adulthood.

agency

The ability to choose and act independently of external constraints.

anticipatory socialization

When we prepare for future life roles.

degradation ceremony

The process by which new members of a total institution lose aspects of their old identity and are given new ones.

doing gender

When people perform tasks based upon the gender assigned to them by society.

game stage

The stage in child development in which children begin to recognize and interact with others on the basis of fixed norms and roles.

generalized other

The common behavioural expectations of general society.

hidden curriculum

The informal teaching done in schools that socializes children to societal norms.

I and me

The two components or phases of the self-reflective self.

liquid modernity

The fluid and transitory nature of modern life, which is increasingly fragmented and cut into a succession of ill-connected episodes.

looking glass self

The self or self-image that arises as the reaction to the judgement of others.

mass media

The distribution of impersonal information to a wide audience via television, newspapers, radio, and the internet.

moral career

A standard sequence of changes in a person’s moral capacity to be answerable for their actions.

moral development

The way people learn what is “good” and “bad” in society.

nature

The influence of our genetic makeup on self development.

nurture

The role that our social environment plays in self development.

peer group

A group made up of people who are similar in age and social status and who share interests.

play stage

A time when children begin to imitate and take on roles that another person might have.

preparatory stage

A time when children are only capable of imitation and have no ability to imagine how others see things.

resocialization

The process by which old behaviours are removed and new behaviours are learned in their place.

rite of passage

A ritual that marks a life cycle transition from a previous status to a new status.

role

The behaviour expected of a person who occupies a particular position.

self

A person’s distinct sense of identity as developed through social interaction.

socialization

The process wherein people come to understand societal norms and expectations, to accept society’s beliefs, and to be aware of societal values.

stages of child socialization

The four stages of child development (preparatory, play, game, and generalized other) in which the child develops the capacity to assume social roles.

total institution

An institution in which members are required to live in isolation from the rest of society