APUSH Chapter 4

Salutary Neglect the idea that England would leave the colonies alone

The Albany Plan (1754) -conference in Albany, New York

-Northeastern colonies meet to deal with the threat of the Iroquois and to provide for a common defense (Benjamin Franklin's Famous Join or Die political cartoon)

-Franklin's plan was of a government that would cover all of the colonies and allow each colony to keep its own constitution

-both the colonies and the king reject this plan

French and Indian War (1754-1760) -brings the colonies closer to British authority

-creates tension between them

Joliet Marquette -led expedition to explore the Ohio River Valley for France

King Williams War (1697) -leads to tension between France and England

Queen Anne's War (1701) -ended by the Treaty of Utrecht

-England gets Nova Scotia and Newfoundland

Treaty of Utrecht ends Queen Anne's War

King George's War -England and Austria vs. France and Prussia

-New England captures Louisburg, but England gives it back (angers colonists)

General Braddock -British leader in the French and Indian war that fails to retake Fort Necessity and dies

-Iroquois don't help that much

George Washington -leads the militia to build Fort Necessity before The French and Indian War

Seven Years War (1756-1763) -part of the French and Indian War

-France and England go to war with each other

-fights in the West Indies, India, and Europe

William Pitt -becomes Secretary of State in 1757

-causes the British to take over the war in North America and the military strategy

Policy of Impressment -forces colonists to enlist, seize supplies and force colonies to offer shelter during the French and Indian War

-colonies resent this policy

Battle of Quebec -Pitt picks the Generals Amherst and Wolfe to fight

-causes the French to Surrender

Treaty of Paris (1763) -ends the French and Indian/Seven Years War

-England gets some territory in the West Indies

-most of French territory in India

-Canada

-All French territory east of the Mississippi River (Except New Orleans)

-New Orleans and land west of the Mississippi River given to Spain and France

George III Has two major issues:

-he's determined to be an active monarch (took power from Whigs who had been running things)

-had intellectual/psychological limitation (has on and off bouts with insanity/very immature)

George Grenville -becomes Prime Minister in 1763

-wants to put the colonies in their place

-thinks that the colonies should pay their share of England's costs of defending and administering the colonies

Proclamation of 1763 -stated that there will be no settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains

-is mostly ignored by the colonists

Mutiny Act (1765) colonists have to help maintain the army

Sugar Act (1764) -stops the illegal sugar trade between the colonies and the French/Spanish West Indies

-raises the duty on sugar, and lowers it on molasses

Currency Act (1764) -stops colonial assemblies from printing paper money

-gets rid of old colonial paper money

Stamp Act (1765) -tax on printed documents in the colonies

-raises ten times the annual revenues of 1763

Paxton Boys -residents in the back country upset with colonial governments

-feel isolated and underrepresented

-feel they are not getting enough protection from the Indians

-demand relief from colonial taxes and help with Inians

-Pennsylvania agrees to their demands to avoid conflict

Regulator Movement (1771) -small scale Civil War in New England

-regulators and back country farmers don't like the taxes or the local sheriff

-feel underrepresented in colonial assembiles

-begin resting tax collection by force

-is put down

Royal Governor Tyron -raises a militia to put down 2,000 regulators of the Regulator Movement

-is successful

Battle of Alamance -the battle in which the Regulator Movement was put down

-9 killed on either side

-six regulators handged

Patrick Henry -gives speech in 1765

-calls King George a tyrant who was on his way to being beheaded

-introduces the Virginia Resolves

Virginia Resolves -introduced by Patrick Henry

-states that:

-Americans have the same rights as Englishmen

-that they could only be taxed by their colonial representatives

-that everyone who was pro British having the right to tax the colonies was an enemy of the colonies

-House of Burgesses defeats the resoves

James Otis -pushes Massachusetts colonial assembly to call for an inter colonial assembly to deal with the Stamp Act

Stamp Act Congress (1765) -meets in New York

-9/13 colonies show up

-a petition to the King and Parliament

-agrees that colonies are subordinate, but only colonial assembles have the right to tax

Sons of Liberty -terrorize stamp agents

-stop the sale of stamps

-anti-authority

-make England start to back down

Rockingham -replaces Grenville as Prime Minister in 1765

-repeals the Stamp Act in 1766

-also passes the Declaratory Act

Declaratory Act (1766) -written as a response to the repeal of the Stamp Act in 1766

-asserts Parliament's authority over colonies in all cases whatsoever

Mutiny Act (Quartering Act) (1765) -created because the British feel that the colonists should help the troops since they were protecting them

-the Massachusetts and New York assemblies refuse to help the British troops

Townshend Duties -taxes on imports

-is an external tax

-colonist protest it because it is a tax without consent

-Parliament disbands the New York assembly

Circular Letters -sent to other colonial assemblies to protect against internal or external taxes

Lord Hillsborough -Secretary of State for the Colonies

-issues his own circular letter

-stated that if the colonies obeyed the Massachusetts circular letter then their colonial assembly would be disbanded

The Boston Massacre (1770) -England sends more troops in Boston to protect customs commissioners

-a mob starts to throw ice, bats, and rocks at British troops led by Captain Thomas Preston

-guns go off and 5 Colonists are killed

-Boston jury finds not guilty of murder

Captain Thomas Preston -the captain in charge during the Boston Massacre