Campylobacter

How would you describe the morphology of Campylobacter?

Spirally curved (one or more spirals)

Gram negative pleomorphic rods

T/F Campylobacter is non motile

False, motile by singular polar flagellum

Campylobacter is microaerophilic. What does this mean?

require reduced O2 to grow in lab

T/F Campylobacter does not ferment sugars

true

What are the FOUR subsps of Campylobacter?

C. fetus, C. mucosalis, C. hyointestinalis, and C. jejuni

What can C. fetus, C. mucosalis, C. hyointestinalis, and C. jejuni cause?

Fertility disorders and abortion in ruminants, enteritis, infrequent systemic and focal infections in many animals

Where would you find Campylobacter?

Found on the mucous membrane of reproductive tract, intestinal tract, and in the oral cavity

Can Campylobacter survive in the environment?

No- Rarely survive for more than 1 h outside the host

When evaluating Campylobacter what must you do to demonstrate the bacteria?

Often demonstrated by direct microscopic (phase contrast) or fluorescent antibody examination

T/F Campylobacter are skinny queens with a tiny waist so you cant see them unless theyre in phase contrast

True

What does direct microscopy examples?

stomach content of aborted fetuses, preputial washings, cervical mucus, feces or mucosal scrapings of animals with enteritis

If you are planning on isolating Campylobacter, how would go about doing that?

requires special transport media and immediate plating on thioglycollate blood agar

How would you describe the colonies that are found 3-6 days after nmicroaerophilic incubation (10% CO2)?

fine point colonies

How do you differentiate between the spp of Campylobacter?

Differentiation based on biochemical characteristics and with DNA probes

What Campylobacter is transmitted by ingestion and fomites, and venereally by the bull but not the ram?

C. fetus subsp. fetus

Survival of organism in ___ has implications for transmission by ____ ____

semen

artificial insemination

What does Campylobacter fetus cause in cattle and sheep?

Causes abortions in cattle (sporadic) and sheep (multiple)

How does Campylobacter fetus cause abortions?

Invades the uterus, multiplies in the fetus, abortion or birth of weak calf or lamb

T/F C. fetus subspecies fetus can cause spectrum of diseases in humans, usually in those exposed to infected animals.

True

What Campylobacter causes abortion and sterility in cattle (epizootic bovine infertility)

Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis

Where would Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis be found in an asymptomatic carrier (bull and cow)

bull: prepuce

cow: metritis

T/F Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis causes mainly late embryonic death

False, early death

What TWO Campylobacter are causative agents in swine proliferative eneteritis?

Campylobacter mucosalis

Campylobacter hyointestinalis

Where would you fine Campylobacter mucosalis and Campylobacter hyointestinalis?

Found intracellularly in mucosal scrapings or cells in feces

What is a species of bacterium that is obligately intracellular and was isolated from intestines of pigs with proliferative enteropathy disease.?

Lawsonia intracellularis

What TWO spp are commensals in the intestinal tract of many animals?

C. jejuni, C. coli

What can C. jejuni, C. coli cause?

diarrhea in multiple species, including humans

What spp is a cause of avian infectious hepatitis (vibrionic hepatitis)?

C. jejuni

What are the FOUR drugs that can be used to treat Campylobacter?

Macrolides, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines

T/F You are not able to eliminate the carrier state

True

What spp can you use from short term protection by bacterins but no elimination of organisms in carrier animals?

C. fetus subsp. venerealis

T/F Bulls infected with Campylobacter fetus should be removed from siring and artificial insemination

True

What TWO spp are zoonotic?

C. jejuni and C. coli

What is the most common cause of C. jejuni and C. coli infection in humans?

Contaminated poultry meat

You went to kroger and got some chicken wings for a dinner party. You suck at cooking and didnt cook them all the way through. Now your dinner guest have Campylobacter:(. What clinical signs do they have?

diarrhea, fever, vomiting, abdominal

T/F ¨Campylobacter is the first or second most common bacterial food-borne pathogen of humans

True

What bacteria is a common cause of chronic gastritis and gastric ulcers in humans?

Helicobacter pylori (similar to Campylobacter)

Helicobacter pylori produces high amounts of ____ to survive in the acidic stomach

urease

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