persuasion exam 2

how do rhetorical situations and politics connect?

politicians have to understand the context (specific issues), the audience (voters), the purpose (winning the election, passing laws, etc.), and the constraints (time limits, budgets, laws, etc.)

how does media influence culture

1. effect paradigm

   • focuses on what the media do to people

2. uses and gratification

   • people use tech for different reasons

3. mediazation studies paradigm

   • the media acquires greater authority to define social reality and condition patterns of social interaction

compliance gaining - rewarding

seeks to manipulate the receiver’s environment positively

compliance gaining - punishing

seeks to manipulate the receiver’s environment negatively

compliance gaining - activation of internalized commitments

positive esteem and moral appeal

compliance gaining - activation of interpersonal commitments

appeals to altruism

sequential request - foot in the door

starts with a small request which leads to a bigger ask

sequential request - door in the face

starts with a big request with the intention of leading to a smaller request which the audience is more likely to accept

most important aspect of persuasion

the ask

three attractors of attention

1. sex

2. threats

3. change

three magnetizers of attention

1. self-relevant

   • makes the audience feel like they’re dealing with the issue

2. unfinished

   • people remember unfinished tasks better than completed ones…keeps their attention

3. mysterious

   • keep the audience guessing…give them alternatives, give clues, and resolve the issue

how do you create external conditions?

safety, openness, freedom, value

invitational rhetoric

type of persuasion that invites the audience to see the topic/world from the perspective of the rhetor

toulmin’s model

grounds —> (inductive/deductive reasoning =) warrant…backing —> claim —> rebuttal

monroe’s motivated sequence

attention —> need —> satisfaction —> visualization —> action

definition of persuasion

the coproduction of meaning that results when an individual or group uses language strategies and/or other symbols (images, music, sound) virtuously through various mediums to induce audiences to voluntarily identify with that individual or group

five canons of rhetoric

invention, arrangement, style, delivery, memory

most important parts of an argument

grounds and claim

greenwashing

when companies exaggerate their contribution to the environment to hide the unsustainable practices

sharewashing

when companies exaggerate how much they donate to charity to make them sound better than they are

political correctness

aims to promote inclusivity, respect, and sensitivity toward diverse individuals and communities, as well as to challenge societal norms and structures

virtue signaling

the conspicuous expression of moral values or virtues

conspicuous conservation

the public display or performance of environmentally friendly behaviors or practices, often to signal one's commitment to environmental values or garner social approval

slacktivism

the practice of engaging in minimal or superficial online activism activities that require little effort or commitment

radical chic

the trend or phenomenon wherein members of the upper class or elite society express support for radical or countercultural movements, often for social or aesthetic reasons rather than genuine ideological commitment