NASM-CPT (7th Edition) Chapter 11

Mortality

A state or a risk of death or dying.

Morbidity

The state of having a disease.

High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT)

An exercise training method defined by intervals of near-maximal intensity broken up by relatively short rest periods.

Deconditioned

A state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and a lack of core and joint stability.

Health Risk Assessment (HRA)

A screening tool used to evaluate the benefits and the risks associated with starting any type of exercise that is strenuous in nature.

Contraindication

A specific situation where a medication, procedure, or exercise should be avoided because it may prove to be harmful to the individual.

Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q+)

A detailed questionnaire designed to assess an individual's physical readiness to engage in structured exercise.

Health History Questionnaire (HHQ)

A questionnaire with lists of questions that pertain to health history and habits, such as exercise history, eating behaviors, and general lifestyle.

Resting Heart Rate (HRH)

The number of heart beats per minute while at complete rest.

Thermoregulation

The physiological process by which the body maintains a relatively constant internal body temperature, including events like sweating to cool the body and shivering to warm the body.

Peripheral Vasodilation

The action of expanding the diameter of a blood vessel near the surface of the skin, which helps remove heat from the body.

Heart Rate (HR)

The measurement of the number of times a heart beats within a specified time period (usually 1 minute).

Blood Pressure

The outward pressure exerted by the blood on the vessel walls; reported as systolic/diastolic.

Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)

The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when the heart is contracting; the first (top) number recorded.

Diastolic Blood Pressure (DSP)

The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when heart is at rest or between beats; the second (bottom) number recorded.

Arterial System

The system of arteries carrying blood away from the heart.

Brachial Artery

The primary artery of the upper arm, which is often used as a site for measuring blood pressure.

Anthropometry

The field of study of the measurement of living humans for purposes of understanding human physical variation in size, weight, and proportion.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

The measurement of a person's weight relative to his or her height, which is used to estimate the risks of obesity.

Circumference Measurement

The measurement that determines the overall dimension (girth) of a body segment, which can be used to estimate body composition or the prevalence of obesity.

Waist Circumference

A measurement that represents the narrowest circumference taken around the midline of the body at the approximate height of the umbilicus (belly button).

Waist To Hip Ratio (WHR)

The relative score expressing the ratio of the waist circumference to the hip circumference, which correlates to the risk for developing cardiovascular disease.

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA)

A body composition assessment technique that estimates body fat percentage by measuring the resistance to the flow of electrical currents introduced into the body.

Archimedes' Principle

The assumption stating that the volume of fluid displaced is equivalent to the volume of an object fully immersed in that fluid or to the specific fraction of the volume below the surface.

Cardiorespiratory Fitness

The ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to provide the body with oxygen during activity.

Cardiorespiratory Assessments

Protocols intended to measure the aerobic fitness of an individual.

YMCA 3 Minute Step Test

An aerobic test that measures the cardiovascular fitness of an individual based on a 3-minute bout of stair-stepping at a specific cadence.

Recovery Heart Rate (RHR)

The number of heartbeats measured after exercise ceases, which provides some indication of an individual's fitness level (i.e., more conditioned people recover more rapidly).

Rockport Walk Test

An aerobic test for deconditioned individuals or those of low fitness levels in which they are instructed to walk as fast as possible and have their pulse taken immediately after completing 1 mile.

1.5 Mile (2.4 kg) Run Test

An aerobic test that measures cardiorespiratory endurance by having the participant cover the distance of 1.5 miles in as short a time as possible.

Talk Test

An aerobic test that measures the participant's ability to talk or hold a conversation during an activity at various intensity levels.

Ventilatory Threshold 1 (VT1)

The point at which the body uses an equal mix of carbohydrate and fat as fuel sources.

Steady State (SS) Heart Rate

Any stage at which the physiological response of heart rate from the cardiovascular system becomes relatively constant in relation to the amount of work being performed (i.e., the heart rate response matches the level of work being performed).

Ventilatory Threshold 2 (VT2)

The point where glucose provides nearly all of the energy for the activity.

Anaerobic Energy System

Energy systems used to perform work in which glycogen is converted to glucose and oxygen is insufficient to break down pyruvate and create adenosine triphosphate.