UCSP_1ST_MIDTERMS-1

The distinctive characteristic that defines an individual or is shared by those belonging to a particular group.

Identity

These three elements ( are essential in understanding

human behavior and social groups.

Culture, Society, &

Politics

The sum of an individual's way of life, including rituals, food, tradition, music and dance, clothes, language, beliefs, ideas, values, practices, knowledge, history, shared experiences, and attitudes that are shared by the members of society.

Culture

Culture can be two things, which are-

Tangible and Intangible

can be seen, smelled, touched,

and tasted

Tangible

cannot be seen, smelled,

touched, and tasted

Intangible

objects or activities that are popular with a group of

people over a short period of time

o It lasts temporarily

Fads and fashion trends

Is a ban on something based on a culture sensibility that perceives it as excessively repulsive, sacred, or allowed only by certain persons.

Taboos or tabu

a person’s way of behaving towards others. Good etiquette/good conduct.

Manner

An organized group or groups of interdependent people who share a common territory, language, and culture, and who act together for collective survival and well-being. They are bound together by a general sense of common identity and pride of place.

Society

True or False

• There can be a society without a culture

False

The theory, art, and practice of government, including the exercise of power in relation to governance and decision-making.

Politics

______ is a concrete example of a political institution. It is the exercise of power especially in relation to governance and decision-making. It is a system or group of people governing an organized community

Government

A status granted to individuals/institutions to properly run the government and implement the rule of law in society.

Power

Who are responsible for granting power to a person?

Civilians

What are the 3 branches of Government?

Executive, Legislative, and Judicial

The branch of government that carries out and enforces laws (e.g. president, vice president).

Executive Branch

The branch of government that creates laws and has the power to alter and repeal them through the power vested in the Philippine Congress.

Legislative Branch

holds the power to settle controversies involving rights that are legally demandable and enforceable

Judicial Branch

Socially-constructed characteristics of being a male and female. It refers to society’s division of humanity into two distinctive categories based on sex.

GENDER

A category of persons who have more or less the same socioeconomic privileges in a society.

Socioeconomic Status

The expression of the set of cultural ideas held by a distinct ethnic or indigenous group.

Ethnicity

An organized system of ideas about the spiritual sphere or the supernatural, along with associated ceremonial or ritualistic practices.

Religion

The state of being intellectually gifted and/or having physically or mentally challenged conditions.

EXCEPTIONALITY

The legal relationship that binds a person and a country.

Nationality

The study of humans and all aspects of their being, including origin and cultural ideas.

Anthropology

What is the Greek word for human?

Anthropos

It is the study of

Logos

It is something observed in a scientific investigation or experiment that is not naturally present but occurs as a result of the preparative or investigative procedure.

Artifacts

The study of humans from a biological perspective, investigating and reconstructing the evolutionary origins of the human species. Also known as biological anthropology

Physical Anthropology

The study of the evolution of humans based on artifacts and fossils.

Paleoanthropology

The study of biological and psychological aspects of primates, including non-human organisms and human origins.

Primatology

Evolution of human beings through bones

Skeletal Biology

The use of remains to identify physical traumas experienced by individuals.

Forensic Anthropology

The study of human cultures through artifacts and materials from the past.

Archaeology

The study of cultures without written records or sources of information.

Prehistoric Archaeology

The study of recent information about the past based on written records.

Historic Archaeology

The study of languages in terms of structure, use, and acquisition, and how language influences culture.

Anthropological Linguistics

The study of how languages are acquired and developed.

Historical Linguistics

The study of the structure and use of language.

Descriptive Linguistics

The study of how language is used in a particular society.

Sociolinguistics

The study of patterns, beliefs, practices, and behaviors in contemporary societies. Studies the culture of human beings

Cultural Anthropology

The study of human social life, groups, and society.

Sociology

Socius- mean?

A. companion

B. Society

C. Social

A

logos - mean?

A. Logo

B. The study of

C. Life

B

The theory treats society as an organism where individuals must work together for stability. Maintaining order. In each structure, there are corresponding functions (e.g. family provides basic & fundamental needs, government provides order, economy provides needs and wants, etc.)

Structural Functionalism

The theory that focuses on competition and conflict between different groups in society. the society compete with each other because of scarce resources, unequal social structure, or power and resistance.

Conflict Theory

True or False

• in order for us to evolve and develop,

  there should be problems/conflict

True

The theory focuses on how social interactions involve interpretation assigning meaning to symbols and responding to signals in the social environment.

Symbolic Interactionism

True or False

• society provides meanings to symbols

True

True or False

• we don’t interact through common

  meanings of symbols

False

The systematic study of governance, policies, power relations, and ideologies.

Political Science

A form of government where citizens elect their representatives.

Representative Democracy

The different divisions of power within a government.

Branches of Government

True or False

• “Culture is not a complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”

False

A complex whole that includes knowledge, beliefs, art, law, morals, customs, and habits acquired by individuals as members of society.

Culture

The process of adapting to a specific culture by acquiring varying or mixed cultures through interactions.

Acculturation

Characterized by constant change, activity, or progress. Culture is dynamic and responds to changing needs and actions within and around it.

Dynamic

Having the ability to change to suit changing conditions. Culture changes to adapt to a certain environment for survival. It provides behavior patterns, strategies, and techniques aimed at helping people adapt in a particular environment. (e.g. technology, innovation, etc.)

Adaptive

poor or inadequate adaptation

Maladaptive

Culture is used, done, or experienced by two or more individuals. Culture can be passed down from one generation to another. They share meanings connected to materials, ideas, and behavioral patterns.

Shared

Associated with learning. Culture is not genetically inherited but acquired through learning and experience.

Learned

The process of acquiring the rules, norms, values, customs, and guidelines of a culture in order to be a part of society.

Enculturation

There is no absolute truth. Cultures differ fundamentally from one another, and moral frameworks vary across societies. In every society, there are different unique/distinct cultures

Relative

The belief that the morals, ideas, and actions of different cultures can be evaluated based on universal criteria.

Cultural Universalism

The impact of moving from a familiar culture to an unfamiliar one.

Culture Shock

The goal of understanding cultural practices that are not typically part of one's own culture, promoting empathy and avoiding ethnocentrism and xenocentrism.

Cultural Relativism

Believing that one's own culture is superior.

Ethnocentrism

Believing that one's own culture is inferior.

Xenocentrism

Small, simple societies where people hunt and gather food, characterized by low inequality and few possessions.

Hunting and Gathering Societies

Larger societies where crops are grown with simple tools or livestock is raised, characterized by more wealth, inequality, and conflict than hunting and gathering societies.

Horticultural and Pastoral Societies

Societies that grow crops using plows and other devices, wealthier than horticultural and pastoral societies with higher levels of conflict and inequality.

Agricultural Society

Societies with factories and machines, wealthier than agricultural societies with a greater sense of individualism and moderate levels of inequality.

Industrial Societies

Societies characterized by information technology and service jobs, where higher education is important for economic success.

Post-Industrial Societies

2 Anthropologists who discovered the first fossils of Filipinos

Dr. Armand Mijares & Dr. Robert B. Fox

How does life change overtime?

Changes in the environment allow species to change as well

They are our closest relative. Scientist have

evidence that suggests that 98.8% of our DNA

are identical to Chimpanzees.

Primates

True or False

• Our species stop undergoing a

  series of continuous natural changes.

False

The process of changes in the human species over time.

Human Evolution

What does Macro mean?

A. Large

B. Small

C. Localized

A

Big changes in species over generations, leading to speciation.

Macroevolution

What does Micro mean?

A. Large

B. Small

C. Localized

B

Small or minimal changes in the genetic makeup of a species inherited by offspring from their parents.

Microevolution

The earliest fossil found in Chad Central Africa that proves human evolution.

Sahelanthropus tchadensis

True or False

• Ape-like - thick ridge

True

True or False

• Human-like - smaller ridge

True

A hominin species that walked upright, had strong and long arms and lived in packs of families scavenging for food. Their survival depends on forming communities and having a small brain-like ape-like face proportion.

Australopithecus afarensis

The first recorded hominin of the Homo genus, known as the "handyman" for their ability to form stone tools. They are carnivores and have less hair, small faces, larger brains and long arms.

Homo habilis

A hominin species with a modern human-like appearance, capable of hunting and communicating with others.

Homo erectus

Muscular and intelligent hominins who lived in colder environments.

Neanderthals

Hominins with more melanin who lived in hot areas and were gatherers and hunters.

Homo sapiens

The process of shaping an individual's behavior, belief system, and mindset to be in accordance with a group or society.

Socialization

Sociologists who discussed how society achieves social stability through subsystems and dynamic equilibrium.

Talcott Parsons

Help society survive through basic needs.

Economic Institutions

Facilitate programs, and policies that respond to the needs and demands of the people.

Political Institutions

Enforcement of Rules

Legal Institutions

Survival of Values/Practices

Cultural

What are the 4 roles of Socialization?

• Economic Institutions

• Political Institutions

• Legal Institutions

• Cultural

Family, peer groups, school, religion, government, and mass media.

Agents of Socialization

The basic unit of societies and the primary group an individual is exposed to during the formative years. Provides emotional support by giving an environment in which to explore their emotions.

Family