macromolecules

What are carbohydrates made up of

carbon hydrogen and oxygen

which molecule has a ratio and what is the ratio

carbohydrates 1:2:1

how are carbohydrates used

to store and release energy

carbohydrates monomer

monosaccharides (simple sugars)

monosaccharides examples

Glucose
Galactose
Fructose

Carbohydrate polymer

polysaccharide (complex sugars)

lipids are used to do what

store energy

what are lipids made out of

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

lipids are an important part of what

biological membranes

Lipid groups:

Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Steroids
Waxes

lipids monomer

glycerol and fatty acids

lipids polymer

phospholipids and triglycerideides

What are proteins made up of?

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phorpurus

major functions of a protein

Regulate cell processes
Control rate of reactions
Form cellular structures
Transport substances

Polypeptide-

a string of amino acids joined together by covalent bonds

What are amino acids made of?

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

four main levels of proteins

Primary- a string of amino acids
Secondary- folding and coiling of polypeptide chains
Tertiary- 3D arrangement of a polypeptide chain
The fourth level- describes the way different polypeptides are arranged to respect each other

Protein monomer

amino acids ~ amino group and carboxyl group

protein polymer

polypeptides

What are nucleic acids made of?

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfer

What do nucleic acids do?

Creates DNA and RNA
Genetic coding

nuclic acid monomer

nucleotide

nucleic acid polymer

nucleic acid

what is a polmer made of

monomers

Polymerization-

monomers attach to polymers