Complex societies (L4)

What are the 3 stages of stone age

Paleolithic (Koi-San)

Mesolithic

Neolithic

Describe Palaeolithic and Mesolithic

Reliance on plants and animals

Permanent (Palaeolithic)

Semi settlers(Mesolithic)

Describe Neolithic period

Domesticated species

Risky and time consuming

Disadvantages of increasing population

Diseases

Concentrate on growing crop leads to health diffidence

Set stage for rise of states

What is the rise of the state

Irrigation,plow and fertilizers

Political organisation

5,500 years ago

Plexiglass societies

Agrarian states

Agrarian state definition

Society’s food production and central daily life revolves around agriculture of land

State definition

Political organizations

Agriculture productions

7,000 to 20,000

Stages of classification system And rule society

1 Bands(least complex) »» Kin ordered

2 Tribes »» kin ordered

3 Chiefdoms »» kin ordered

4 State(most complex and bigger) »» Bureaucracies

What happens in agricultural states

High degree of social inequality

Devision of labour

Owner expressed in palaces, architecture

Old surpluses and technologies

Settlement pattern

Worlds first cities » neolithic villages

Cities and urban settlements » focal point for government trade

Walter Christaller (1933) theory

Places same size will be spaced the sam distance apart

Larger settlement » less other settlements

What is Monumental architecture

Temples, tombs

Past civilisations

Advantages of monumental architecture

Locate sites

Specialisations (artifacts)

Social ranking

Trade and exchange

Religion

Why use language and writing

Provide info on administration, rules, trade, political devivions

What are the 4 writing types

Ideographic

Hieroglyphic

Syllabic

Alphabetic

Describe ideographic writing

Simple pictures to communicate ideas

No language or writing

Concepts

Describe hieroglyphic writing

Simplifies picture into symbol that has direct relationship to sound of word

Sounds

Describe syllabic writing

Hard tears themselves express nothing but sequence of sounds

Describe alphabetic writing

Uses alphabet and evolved from syllabic writing

Integrationist theories of why societies Emerge

Society benefited

Name and explain benefit of the emerging of states according to integrationist theories

Hydrologic hypothesis: Development of construction & maintenance of irrigation projects(agriculture)

Trade and exchange: Organisational requirements needed for items & manage trade

Warfare and circumscription: Population growth in region with clearly defined boundaries (military)

System models: Requirements of agriculture to organise large populations (economic resources)

Explain conflict theories of why states emerged

Emphasise domination & exploitation

Stress needed to protect interests of dominate elite

Stratification and domination by ruling elite

Criticism: questions assumption that ambition, greed, exploitation are universal factors

Why did states collapse ( Not Universal)

Pluto: Nations that collapse was innate aspect of society liked to aging of bio organism(died)

Depletion of key resources as result of mismanagement and climate change

Tension or conflict from social stratification

Changing conditions so specialised knowledge is not carried on

What shift happened from Palaeolithic to Neolithic

Hunter gathers » Materialistic(selfish)

What lead to social inequality

Stratification