ENG102 MIDTERM REVIEW

Covers lesson 1 - 9

Graphic Organizer

**visual representation** that shows relationship between and/or among ideas

1. **Venn Diagram**
2. **Mind Map**

2 examples of Graphic organizer

Outline

**organizational too**l created to identify the main and supporting points of a text to be written.

1. Topic Outline
2. Sentence Outline

2 example of Outline

Topic Outline

keywords only/words & phrases

Sentence Outline

written in complete sentences; include subtopics

Claims

**statement** or assertion of the truth; typically debatable

1. Claim of Fact
2. Claim of Value
3. Claim of Policy/Solution
4. Claim of Cause & Effect

4 types of claims

Claim of Fact

stand or petition of an issue

Claim of Value

something worth, whether or not it is valued

Claim of Policy/Solution

approach to a problem, certain conditions should exist

Claim of Cause & Effect

a person, an event/ something causing another to occur.

* Thesis statement must be **debatable**
* Thesis statement must be **narrow**
* Thesis statement must have **credible source**
* Thesis statement must be **properly cited**

Guides to Establishing Claims

Explicit Claims

directly stated; straightforward and obvious

Implicit Claims

indirectly stated, implied, reading between the lines.

* 2 major parts
* Topic sentence
* Body (supporting details)
* Closing sentence

Properties of a Paragraph

* 3 general parts
* Intro
* Body
* Conclusion

Properties of an Essay

Unity

all sentences in the paragraph support the topic (gen. idea or main idea)

* Restatement
* Summary
* Conclusion

3 ways of ending a paragraph using Unity

Coherence & Cohesion

all ideas or sentence in the paragraph **flows smoothly**; allowing readers to easily and clearly understand the text.

* Order - (**Chronological**, **Spatial**, **Logical** (specific to gen.))
* Structural Device - ( **Transitional words**, **pronoun reference**, **repetition of keywords/synonyms**)

2 types of Coherence & Cohesion

Emphasis or Organization

ideas are logically and accurately arranged to make them more noticeable in the paragraphs.

* Parallel Structure
* Climatic Order
* Placement of topic sentence

Emphasis or Organization is noticeable through

Language Use

* the use of language is observed the ff. time-tested principles of writing:

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1. clear and concise sentences.
2. avoid redundancies
3. avoid excessive use of “there” and “it” structures
4. precise vocabulary
5. consistent with pronoun’s pov
6. avoid sexist language
7. use appropriate level of formality

Mechanics

* set of conventions on spelling, abbreviating, punctuating, and capitalizing a composition.

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1. use of standard English
2. avoid contractions
3. avoid exclamation marks; unless part of a direct quotation
4. mention full name of an org.
5. spell our # from zero to ten
6. proper citations in writing text

Classification and Division

**divides** people, places, or things **into groups** according to a criterion or criteria or standards

Comparison and Contrast

develops a text by **comparing and contrasting** two people, events, ideas, and things in the same class.

Point-by-Point & Whole-to-Whole (Block)

Patterns of Comparison-Contrast

Point-by-Point

1. First characteristic


1. of subject A
2. of subject B
2. Second characteristic


1. of subject A
2. of subject B
3. Third characteristic


1. of subject A
2. of subject B

Whole-to-Whole (Block)

1. Subject A


1. First characteristic of A
2. Second characteristic of A
3. Third characteristic of A (and so on)
2. Subject B


1. First characteristic of B
2. Second characteristic of B
3. Third characteristic of B (and so on)

Narration or Chronology/Procedure

unfolds a series of events; in **chronological** order, to **tell a story**

Description

talks about how something looks, sounds, smells, taste, or feel like