vert zo exam 4

Diatryma was a large carnivorous bird during the Tertiary period.

true

Terror bird skeletons have been found in Florida.

true

Bird feathers are homologous to reptilian scales.

true

Birds have feathers but they don’t have any scales.

false, they have scales on their legs

Bird “calls” are used as alarm calls or to maintain contact with other birds.

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true

The larynx is used to produce sound in birds.

false, the syrinx

Bird beaks have small holes for nostrils.

true

Birds appear closely related to the velociraptor dinosaurs.

true

Normally only the left ovary develops in the female birds.

true

Therapods are mammal like reptiles.

false, therapsids

True horns are shed annually.

false, antlers are shed not horns

Prolactin stimulates milk production from mammary glands.

true

Elephant tusks are enlarged K-9 teeth.

false, they are incisors

Antlers normally occur on both male and female deer.

false, only on male deer

Walrus tusks are enlarged incisor teeth.

false, they are canines

Placental mammals are the warmest vertebrates.

false, birds are

Birds use a muscular diaphragm for breathing.

false, only mammals have a muscular diaphragm

The kidneys of mammals have loops of Henle and can concentrate urine.

true

There are only 3 living species of monotreme mammals.

true

All vertebrates have ventral nerve cords.

false, they have dorsal nerve cords

The first vertebrates to appear in the fossil record were the placoderms.

false, ostracoderms

The wings of an insect and the wings of a bird are considered “homologous.”

false, they are analagous

The term “evolution” means that organisms continually change (over generations) toward a more advanced form (i.e. they always change toward a more “fit” animal).

false

The earliest “chordate” in the fossil record was “Pikia".

true

Lamarck proposed the “theory of the inheritance of acquired characteristics.”

true

Charles Lyell wrote the “Principles of Geology.”

true

Dinosaurs first appear in the fossil record during the Triassic.

true

The four limbs of mammals represent a “shared and derived” characteristic (it is new to mammals and shared by all mammals).

false, not new to mammals

Teleosts are the most abundant group of fishes.

true

Sympatric speciation refers to speciation resulting from geographic isolation.

false, allopatric

Alfred Weneger developed the concept of continental drift (i.e. plate tectonics).

true

The Galapagos Islands were recently formed (in regards to the geologic time scale) by volcanic action (i.e. they are about 1 to 4 million years old)

true

The marine iguanas have a salt gland attached to its cloaca.

false, it is in the nose

The tiger salamander is an obligate paedomorphic species.

false, facultative

The amphioxus is a urochordate

false, chordata

The most primitive living vertebrate is the lamprey

false, hagfish

The sturgeon, bicher, and paddlefish are members of teleostei.

false

Sharks have placoid scales.

false, ganoid

Sharks have a swim bladder to help maintain buoyancy.

false

The whale shark is the largest living fish.

true

The coelacanth is a member of actinopterygii.

false

Chimeras have a cartilaginous skeleton.

true

Adult tunicates have a notochord, dorsal nerve cord, and post anal tail.

false

Skates are oviparous.

true

The extinct megalodon is related to the great white shark.

true

The paddle of a paddlefish can detect electrical fields.

true

Birds, bats and pterosaurs are all examples of flying vertebrates.

true

The synsacrum provides strong structure for attaching legs.

true

Feathers are highly modified reptilian scales (epidermal scales)

true

Birds are the warmest of the vertebrates (40-41 degrees C)

true

The air sacs present in birds help enhance the unidirectional flow of air through the lungs.

true

Birds produce sounds using the syrinx.

true

Birds have a single ovary and oviduct.

true

Birds produce uric acid as a nitrogenous waste.

true

Hair is a better insulator than feathers and is less bulky.

true

All birds are oviparous.

true

Mammals first appear in the Triassic period, but don’t radiate until the Tertiary.

true

There are four living species of Monotremes.

false, three

Progesterone and estrogen stimulate growth of mammary glands.

true

Prolactin stimulates the production of milk.

true

Oxytocin stimulates the ejection of milk.

true

Wild boar and javelina tusks are enlarged canine teeth.

true

Vampire bats have enlarged incisor teeth.

true

The male narwhal tusk is and enlarged upper left canine tooth.

false, it is an enlarged upper left incisor

Carnivores typically have a long digestive tract to increase absorption.

false, herbivores have a long digestive tract

Herbivores typically have a short digestive tract to prevent fermentation.

false, carnivores have a short digestive tract

Mammals are positive pressure breathers.

false, negative pressure breathers

Mammals have a muscular diaphragm and intercostal muscles between their ribs to enhance respiratory system’s efficiency.

true

Monotremes are native to New Guinea and Australia.

true

Marsupials have a cloaca.

false, monotremes have a cloaca

There are no marsupials in North America

false, opossums

Placental mammals first appear in the Tertiary.

true

Marsupials produce young at a faster rate than placental mammals.

false, placental mammals are faster

Birds appear closely related to Theropod dinosaurs.

true

The first birds appear in the Jurassic period and radiated in the Cretaceous.

true

Ratites have a keel to help with flight.

false, ratites are flightless and keel-less

Most birds have 3 forward tes and one back.

true

The roadrunner has 2 forward and 2 back toes.

true

Theropods did not have feathers.

false

“Bird songs” are produced by both male and female birds and are used for mate attraction and territoriality.

false, males

Bird brains contain a neocortex.

false, mammals do

Most birds have very good olfaction.

false, most do not

Phylum Chordata, subphylum vertebrate

vertebrates

The notochord occurs in all vertebrates in development but persists throughout life in some.

true

The hagfish is the most primitive living vertebrate.

true

The oldest vertebrates in the fossil record occur ___ million years ago.

500

The first bird in the fossil record was

Archaeopteryx

The Mesozoic Era is sometimes referred to as the Age of _____?

Reptiles

The Cenozoic Era is sometimes referred to as the Age of _____?

Mammals

What is Lamarckism?

Theory of Inheritance and Acquired Characteristics

Who was the father of Geology and the Geologic time scale?

Charles Lyell

Who developed the concept of “survival of the fittest?”

Thomas Malthus

The combination of Darwinian evolution and Mendelian genetics is known as what?

Neo-Darwinism

Who came up with the concept of evolution by natural selection independtly of Darwin?

Alfred Wallace

What is fitness

the ability to survive and reproduce

Speciation that does not require geographical separation is known as?

Sympatric speciation

The earth is estimated to be __ _____ years old.

4\.5 billion

The Devonian is known as the Age of _____?

Fishes

The first amphibian-like tetrapods occur in the ________?

Devonian

The oldest known vertebrates in the fossil record are the ________.

Ostracoderms