Honors English Midterm

Style Analysis

The study of a writer's style of writing and how the author uses literary elements and stylistic techniques to create meaning.

Primary style elements

Diction, imagery, detail, figurative language, point of view, syntax, structure

Diction

An author's deliberate word choice

Imagery

Descriptive language that employs the senses

Detail

Specific descriptions and information

Figurative language

Writing or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid.

Point of View

The perspective or vantage point from which an author presents a story.

Syntax

The arrangement of words in sentences. It also refers to the structure and phrasing of sentences.

Structure

The planned framework of a piece of literature.

Secondary style elements

Setting, tone, characterization

Setting

The time and place of a narrative

Tone

The author's attitude toward the subject

Characterization

The author's presentation and development of characters

Analysis is NOT

Restating the obvious, restating the prompt, is not solely text evidence, is not restating the text evidence

Analysis IS

Making an observation below the surface, commenting on what the author is doing and how it conveys meaning, communicating an insight from a deeper level in the text, inferring beyond the text, connecting the themes of the piece through your observation of details

Levels of Questioning

Level 1, level 2, level 3

Level 1 questioning

Statement of fact in the text

Level 2 questioning

Abstract, between the lines, requires analysis

Level 3 questioning

Not in the text, universal theme

Schools of Literary Criticism

Different lenses through which to view a piece of literature

Archetypal Criticism

Based on the works of Carl Jung, attempts to explore the connection between literature and the "collective unconscious" of the human race.

Feminist Criticism

Concerned with how gender roles and issues affect a story.

Marxist Criticism

Grounded in the theories of Karl Marx. Concerns itself with class structure, class struggle, and social justice; asks how money affects power

New/Formalist Criticism

Basically style analysis. Treats each work as its own distinct piece, free from environment, era, and author.

Psychological/Psychoanalytic Criticism

Based on the works of Sigmund Freud. Analyzes the psychology of the characters in a work and the author of a work to understand the meaning of a work.

New Historical Criticism

Connects literature to the historical period in which it was produced. Assumes that every work is the product of the historical moment that created it.

Moral/Intellectual Criticism

Concerned with content and values. Understands that literature is a vehicle for imparting morality, philosophy, and religion

Heroic Journey

a set of steps taken by the protagonist, which leads them to the fulfillment of a quest

Archetype

Pattern in literature

Call to Adventure

The first stage in the hero's journey. It is during this stage that the hero discovers a hidden world of possibility.

Supernatural Aid

Once the hero has committed to the quest, consciously or unconsciously, their guide and magical helper appears or becomes known.

Threshold guardian(s)

What is keeping the hero from entering the threshold

Threshold

This is the point where the hero leaves on their journey.

Helper

Someone who assists the hero on their quest

Mentor

Someone who teaches or gives help and advice to a less experienced and often younger hero.

Challenges and Temptations

Tasks, obstacles, and distractions the hero faces in the unknown world

Abyss

The greatest challenge and lowest point of the hero's journey in which the hero must face alone. The hero may retreat or fail, but always has to keep trying. Heroes who become stuck in the abyss often become villains.

Revelation

realization of truth the hero has

Transformation

A change in the hero caused by the abyss

Atonement

The hero becomes at one with themself. Harmony is restored

Gift of the Goddess

A moment when a figure of feminine authority provides the hero with the means to accomplish a heroic deed or return home

Return

The Hero returns to everyday life at a higher spiritual level and with the gifts gained along the way.

Research

investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions

CRAAP Test

An easy way to remember how to evaluate sources for credibility (Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, Purpose) Developed by Molly Beestrum, refined by Sarah Blakeslee.

MLA (Modern Language Association)

A set of formatting and content guidelines for publications and student research papers.

Formatting

How a paper looks

(spacing, heading, etc)

Citations

How a paper shows it borrows from another work

Citations

Works Cited Page

Trusted Websites

.edu .org .gov

Plagarization

The act of framing someone else's work as your own

What happens to me if I plagiarize?

You have copied someone else's work without permission, you have become a thief, and you can be expelled from most universities

MLA format

Times New Roman 12-point font

Double Space

Header- Last Name, Page Number

Proper Heading

Author-Page Style in-text citation examples

Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (263).

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Romantic poetry is characterized by the "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings"(Wordsworth 263).

Unknown Author in-text citation example

We see so many global warming hotspots in North America likely because this region has "more readily accessible climatic data and more comprehensive programs to monitor and study environmental change . . ." ("Impact of Global Warming").

Shortening an in-text citation

If the source title or organization name is longer than four words, shorten it to the first word or phrase in the in-text citation, excluding any articles

Examples of shortened citations

Amnesty International Report 2017/2018:

The State of the World's Human Rights (Amnesty International Report 187)

"Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions" ("Sources")

When there are authors with the same last name, in an in-text citation you should...

Add their first initial to the beginning of the citation in front of their last name

Multiple authors in-text citation examples:

Best and Marcus argue that one should read a text for what it says on its surface, rather than looking for some hidden meaning (9).

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The authors claim that surface reading looks at what is "evident, perceptible, apprehensible in texts" (Best and Marcus 9).

More than 3 Authors in text citation

Only list the first author's last name and replace the additional names with "et al."

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EX: The authors claim that one cause of obesity in the United States is government-funded farm subsidies (Franck et al. 327).

Works cited page reminders:

Alphabetical order by author's last name. If there is no author, alphabetize by the title. Numbers go first before "A."

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Double space page.

Book Citation

Last, First. Book Title. City it was published in: Publisher's Name, Year. Print. *please note that book title is in italics, as it doesn't show up on Quizlet.

Website Citation

Last, First. "Title of the Page." Title of The Main Website. Who Published It, Date it was published. Web. Date you accessed the web page. \*please note that Title of The Main Website should be in italics.

Article in a magazine citation

Author(s). "Title of Article." Title of Periodical, Day Month Year, pages. *please note that Title of Periodical should be in italics.

Video Citiation

Last, First. "Title of the Page." Title of The Main Website. Who Published It, Date it was published. Web. Date you accessed the web page. *please note that Title of The Main Website should be in italics

Interview Citation

Last name, First name. Personal Interview. Day Month Year.

Cussy Mary Carter

A 19-year-old librarian with the Pack Horse Library project in rural eastern Kentucky; her job is to bring books to far-flung patrons in the mountains. She also happens to have noticeably blue skin, causing her discrimination.

Elijah "Pa" Carter

Cussy Mary's father. His blue skin is largely hidden by the coal dust. He suffers from a terminal lung disease. Pa is determined to find a husband for Cussy Mary, as he believes books are unnecessary and he wants to ensure her financial security once he's gone. He dies from a mine accident.

Junia

Cussy Mary's ornery mule, inherited from Charlie Frazier. Junia is smart and protective of Cussy and hates men in particular, but responds well to women and children. Despite this, she eventually warms up to Jackson Lovett.

Charlie Frazier

An older hillman who marries Cussy Mary for the land offered by Pa. He rapes and severely beats her on their wedding night, then dies of a heart attack.

Vester Frazier

An evangelical preacher and member of the Frazier clan, who becomes obsessed with "saving" Cussy Mary. As other people he had submitted to his baptisms had drowned, she is in real danger when Vester begins to stalk and threaten her. One night, Vester sneaks up to the Carter cabin, and is killed by Pa.

Doc

He has been trying for years to convince the Carters to submit to his tests. He gets his wish after Pa asks him to keep Vester Frazier's death a secret, and Cussy Mary has to accompany him to a hospital in Lexington to be studied. He gives Cussy food and medicine for her cooperation, and stands up for her when the sheriff threatens her union with Jackson.

Queenie Johnson

A fellow Pack Horse librarian, she is the sole provider for her five children. She suffers from racial discrimination by her colleagues and the townspeople and is determined to prove herself. She is accepted as an assistant librarian in Philadelphia, and she then goes on to complete a degree in library science.F

Harriet Hardin

Assistant head librarian. She has a particular dislike of Cussy Mary, and find every opportunity to humiliate her, such as designating the only bathroom in the library as "for whites only".

Angeline Moffit

One of Cussy Mary's library patrons. 16 years old, and pregnant, she is married to Willie Moffit. She is one of the only people to treat Cussy Mary as a full human being, but her husband does not share her sentiment. When Angeline gives birth, the baby, Honey, is revealed as a Blue, causing Willie Moffit to hang himself. Angeline dies from wounds from birth, but not before Cussy Mary promises to raise Honey as her own.

Jackson Lovett

Newly returned from working on the Hoover Dam, he is seen by the town-girls as a prize bachelor. He is on Cussy Mary's book route, and the two strike up a friendship and eventually a romance. By the end of the story, he declares his love for Cussy Mary, and they marry, but Harriet arranges for Jackson's arrest for violating anti-miscegenation laws. Jackson is imprisoned. He and Cussy plan on moving to Ohio and raising Honey together.

Winnie Parker

The teacher in the only school in the region, to which Cussy Mary delivers books. When Cussy Mary tries to give a bit of food to Henry, she admonishes her that all should be fed, or none. Cussy Mary later brings the food she received from Doc to the school, to feed all the children at least a little bit.

Loretta Adams

A nearly blind elderly patron whom befriends Cussy Mary. Believes in a more "old fashioned" way of life.

Henry Marshall

One of the schoolchildren. Cussy Mary realizes that his entire family has developed pellagra, and despite her efforts, there is little she can do to help, and Henry eventually dies, as did their newborn baby, and the rest of the family is expected to follow. Cussy Mary is heartbroken by this loss.

Willie Moffit

Angeline Moffit's husband and Honey's father. Like his wife, he doesn't have any kin: he was an illegitimate child unrecognized by his father and abandoned by his mother. He carries the recessive gene for blue skin, as his daughter Honey is born with it. He hangs himself upon discovering this.

Sheriff Davies Kimbo

The lawman of Troublesome Creek. He tolerates Cussy Mary Carter and her Pa, despite his feelings that they are inferior because of their blue skin, because Pa is a miner with good character. He reveals himself to be an inveterate racist and bigot when he arrests Jackson Lovett for breaking the anti-miscegenation laws by marrying Cussy.

Devil John

Devil John Smith is a local moonshiner who lives with his wife, Martha Hannah, and their pack of children in the mountains around Troublesome Creek. Although he complains to Cussy Mary Carter that her books are making his family less efficient, he is open to the ones that contain information on productive activities.

R.C. Cole

a 17-year-old patron on Cussy Mary Carter's Pack Horse library route. He has followed his family into the business of fire-watching and he lives alone in a tower, keeping an eye out for wildfires. He is in love with Ruth Beck, and he fights for the right to marry her when her father initially refuses his proposal.

Oren Taft

A middle-aged man who lives in an extremely isolated community, called Tobacco Top, and brings books from Cussy to his community. When Queenie Johnson leaves for Philadelphia, Cussy Mary suggests that he take on her route.

Martha Hannah

Martha Hannah Smith is the wife of Devil John, the moonshiner. She has taught her children how to read using the family bible and the reading materials that Cussy Mary Carter brings.

Mr. and Mrs. Evans

Patrons on Cussy Mary Carter's Pack Horse library route. Their son has moved to Nebraska where he is raising cattle, and occasionally Cussy Mary helps read his letters to them.

Timmy Flynn

Only 11 years old, but he's a faithful patron on Cussy Mary Carter's Pack Horse library route. His mother won't tolerate books from the government coming into her home, so he keeps them off the property.

Eula Foster

The head supervisor of the Pack Horse library project in Troublesome Creek. Is less hard and judgmental than Harriet and becomes kinder to Cussy at the end of the story.

Constance Poole

Head of the Troublesome Creek Sewing Bee club. She's a snappy, stylish woman who likes to stop by the center to gossip with Eula Foster and Harriet Hardin.

Birdie

At just 18 years old, she is the youngest Pack Horse librarian. She is married, but her husband has gone to a distant city to find factory work.

Aletha

Doc's Jamaican housekeeper; she is the only other Black person in Troublesome Creek besides Queenie Johnson and her small family.