Vertebrae

axial skeleton

vertebral column, skull, ribcage

Which vertebrae are true?

cervical, thoracic, and lumbar

Which vertebrae are false?

Sacral and coccyx

cervical curve term

lordosis

thoracic curve term

kyphosis

lumbar curve term

lordosis

sacral curve term

sacral curve

3 abnormal curves

scoliosis, hyperlordosis, hyperkyphosis

scoliosis

lateral curvature of the spine

Hyperlordosis

exaggerated anterior lumbar curvature

Hyperkyphosis

exaggerated posterior thoracic curvature

Process

projection

foramen

opening or hole

facet

smooth flat region

tubercle

rounded projection

fossa

depression

tuberosity

bumpy rough area

Vertebral body

vertebral arch

pedicles

laminae

superior vertebral notch

Inferior vertebral notch

Intervertebral foramina (only visible on articulated vertebrae)

vertebral foramen

vertebral canal (only visible on articulated vertebrae)

spinous process

transverse processes

superior articular processes

superior articular facets

Inferior articular processes

Inferior articular facets