DNA translation

turn an mRNA into a protein

what is the goal of DNA translation?

3

how many reading frames exist within the mRNA?

the third

out of these reading frames, which is preferred?

3

how many nitrogenous bases are included in one codon?

an amino acid

what does a codon code for?

methianine (AUG) and tryptophan (UGG)

what two amino acids only have 1 codon?

AUG, codes for methianine

what is the most common starting codon and what amino acid does it code for?

5'-3'

are codons written 5'-3' or 3'-5'?

anticodon

tRNA consists of a _____ that complements and pairs up with the codon

it carries the amino acid by its carboxyl group to the A residue at the 3' end

what does tRNA's amino acid arm do?

when a tRNA can recognize more than one codon for the same amino acid.

what is the wooble position?

aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

what is the enzyme that adds the amino acid?

rRNA and proteins

the ribosome is composed of...

1. amino acid activation
2. initiation
3. elongation
4. termination
5. folding and processing

what stages exist within translation? (5)

amino acylation- the amino acid is activated for peptide bond formation and ensures the appropriate placement of the amino acid in the peptide

what occurs during amino acid activation?

-protein synthesis begins in the N-terminus domain.
-the first codon is AUG, coding for methianine
-the shine-dalgarno sequence signals the correct position of the mRNA on the ribosome (ONLY PROKARYOTES)

describe initiation

1. aminoacyl (A) site
2. peptidyl (P) site
3. exit (E) site

what are the 3 binding sites in the ribosome?

1. the tRNA with the amino acid attaches to the codon at the A site
2. the amino acid attaches to the polypeptide chain
3. the ribosome shifts so that the polypeptide chain with the new amino acid is at the P site
4. the now vacant tRNA is now at the E site and exits

summary of the elongation phase

a stop codon codes for the release of the polypeptide chain and the disassociation of the ribosome from the mRNA

how does translation terminate?