Unit 2 Key Terms and People

From Fiveable:https://library.fiveable.me/apush/unit-2/unit-2-overview-colonization-north-america/study-guide/MrhwF2OP3DVLQwTIh2wZ

John Smith

English explorer who helps provide law and order to the Jamestown colony.

Lord Calvert

Founder of the Maryland colony.

William Penn

Quaker founder of the Pennsylvania colony.

John Rolfe

Agriculturalist who develops a cash crop of tobacco in Jamestown helping create a profitable colony.

Powhatan

Native tribe living along the James River near Jamestown.

Puritans

Religious group in New England desiring to purify the Anglican Church of its Catholic traditions.

Separatists

Similar to Puritans; however, they wish to break away from the Anglican church.

John Winthrop

Puritan founder of the Massachusetts Bay Colony wishing to create a “City on a Hill.”

Nathaniel Bacon

Virginia Settler challenging the laws of the Virginia Governor William Berkeley.

Jonathan Edwards

First Great Awakening preacher known for his “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” sermon.

George Whitefield

Powerful speaker and English Preacher during the First Great Awakening encouraging Christian beliefs throughout the colonies.

Roger Williams

Separatist who was banned from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his dissenting views.

Anne Hutchinson

A woman banned from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for her dissenting views.

John Peter Zenger

New York journalist accused of libel for his critical views of the governor but later acquitted. His acquittal was seen as support for freedom of the press.

Act of Toleration

A law passed in Maryland allowing religious freedom for any Christian group that believed in the divinity of Jesus.

Holy Experiment

Quaker colony of Pennsylvania.

Jamestown

The first permanent English colony founded in Virginia, 1607.

Mayflower Compact

Governing document for the Plymouth colony.

King Philip's War

Fierce battles between the New England colonies and the local Natives led by Metacom (King Philip).

Bacon’s Rebellion

Rebellion of back-country Virginia settlers protesting the harsh, aristocratic policies of Governor Berkeley.

Joint Stock Company

An organization of investors seeking profits from exploration.

Mercantilism

Economic system based on a favorable balance of trade between the mother country and its colonies in order to maintain gold and silver within the empire.

Navigation Acts

Laws passed by England to uphold the economic policy of mercantilism.

Headright System

Law passed by England to encourage settlement in the new world by offering settlers fifty acres of land for every individual they brought to the new world.

Triangular Trade

System of trade between the New World, Europe, and Africa in which resources and rum were traded for manufactured goods and slaves.