Blood Cells, Bone Cells & Bone Functions, Epithelial Cells, Fat Cells / Adipose Tissue, Muscle Tissue, Neurons

What are the three types of blood cells?

Red blood cells (erythrocytes), White blood cells (leukocytes), Platelets (thrombocytes)

Together, what percentage of total blood volume do blood cells make up?

About 45%

What is another name for red blood cells?

Erythrocytes

What is another name for white blood cells?

Leukocytes

What is another name for platelets?

Thrombocytes

How many types of leukocytes are there?

5 types

Name one function of erythrocytes.

Carry oxygen and some carbon dioxide

What is the function of platelets?

Blood clotting / prevents blood loss

What main function do white blood cells provide?

Defend the body against infection and disease

Red blood cells are biconcave disk-shaped. True or False?

True

What is the name of the iron-containing protein that binds oxygen?

Hemoglobin

How long do red blood cells live?

About 120 days

White blood cells are classified into what two types?

Granulocytes and Agranulocytes

What percentage of blood volume is white blood cells?

Less than 1%

White blood cells contain a nucleus. True or False?

True

All blood cells contain a nucleus. True or False?

False

How long do white blood cells live?

From a few days to years (depending on the type)

List the 5 types of white blood cells.

Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils

List 3 general functions of white blood cells.

Fight infections, Produce immune responses, Destroy abnormal or cancerous cells

True or False: Platelets have an irregular shape which helps them clot.

True

Platelets are much less abundant than white blood cells. True or False?

False

How long do platelets live?

About 7–10 days

Which blood cell is the least abundant?

White blood cells

What are osteoblasts responsible for?

Forming new bone

What are osteocytes responsible for?

Maintains and monitors bone tissue

What are osteoclasts responsible for?

Breaks down bone

What is the function of bone marrow?

Produces blood cells (red marrow) and stores fat (yellow marrow)

Name 2 types of bones.

Compact bone and Spongy bone

List 8 functions of bones.

Support, protection, movement, mineral storage (calcium & phosphorus), blood cell production, fat storage, hormone production, structural framework

Name the 8 types of epithelial tissue, one organ, and one function for each.

• Simple squamous – lungs – gas exchange

• Simple cuboidal – kidneys – secretion/absorption

• Simple columnar – small intestine – absorption of nutrients

• Pseudostratified columnar – trachea – move mucus with cilia

• Stratified squamous – skin – protection from abrasion

• Stratified cuboidal – sweat glands – secretion

• Stratified columnar – male urethra – protection and secretion

• Transitional epithelium – urinary bladder – stretches to hold urine

What is adipose tissue?

Connective tissue that stores fat in adipocytes

What are pluripotent cells?

Stem cells that can develop into many types of cells

Name 3 types of fat cells.

White, Brown, Beige adipose tissue

Where is adipose tissue found?

Under the skin, Around organs, Bone marrow, Breast tissue

What is the function of adipose tissue?

Stores energy, cushions and insulates the body, hormone secretion

Name the 3 types of muscle tissue.

Skeletal muscle, Cardiac muscle, Smooth muscle

Name a function of skeletal muscle.

Movement of bones and voluntary control

Skeletal muscle cells are striated in shape. True or False?

True

Are skeletal muscles involuntary? True or False?

False

Name the 2 types of skeletal muscle fibers.

Slow-twitch (type I) and Fast-twitch (type II)

Where is cardiac muscle tissue found?

In the walls of the heart

What is the function of cardiac muscle?

Pump blood through rhythmic contractions

Contractions of the heart are controlled by what specialized cells?

Pacemaker cells

Cardiac muscle cells are striated. True or False?

True

Where is smooth muscle found?

Walls of hollow organs

How is smooth muscle shaped compared to skeletal or cardiac muscle?

Spindle-shaped, non-striated

What is a function of smooth muscle tissue?

Moves substances through organs

List the 10 parts of a neuron.

Dendrites, cell body, nucleus, axon, axon hillock, myelin sheath, nodes of Ranvier, axon terminals, synaptic vesicles, synapse

What is the function of dendrites?

Receive signals from other neurons

What is the function of the cell body?

Contains the nucleus and organelles, integrates signals

What are the elongated, branch-like extensions on a nerve cell called?

Dendrites (axon is the long projection)

Name 3 parts of an axon.

Axon hillock, myelin sheath, axon terminals

What are the functions of the axon?

Transmit electrical impulses, carry signals away from the cell body, communicate with other neurons, muscles, or glands