The Role of Science in Society

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the role of science in society, scientific knowledge, and the principles and methods of scientific inquiry.

Science

A systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.

Scientific Knowledge

Knowledge that is based on scientific methods, characterized by systematic observation, experimentation, and analysis.

Empiricism

The theory that all knowledge is based on experience derived from the senses.

Hypothesis

A proposed explanation for a phenomenon, made as a starting point for further investigation.

Deductive Reasoning

A logical process in which a conclusion follows necessarily from the stated premises.

Inductive Reasoning

A reasoning process in which conclusions are drawn from observations and specific examples to form general principles.

Public Knowledge

Knowledge that is accessible to anyone and can be verified by peer review and publication.

Scientific Method

A systematic approach to research and experimentation that involves observation, hypothesis formation, testing, and analysis.

Classification of Science

The systematic grouping of sciences based on shared characteristics and principles.

Applied Science

The application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, as in technology or engineering.

Frontier Sciences

Emerging fields of science that blend aspects of multiple disciplines to address complex issues.

Institutionalization of Science

The establishment of structured bodies and systems to support scientific research and knowledge dissemination.

Scientific Research

A systematic investigation conducted to establish facts, gather evidence, and formulate new findings.

Theoretical Level

The level of knowledge represented by scientific theories and laws.

Empirical Level

The level of knowledge represented by observable and measurable data.

Knowledge Systems

Organized structures of knowledge that encompass various disciplines and methodologies.

Meta-Scientific Dimension

The aspect of science that involves reflection and philosophical inquiry into the nature and foundations of scientific knowledge.

Proposed Principles of Effective Action

Guidelines for optimizing human actions in organized activities.

Cognitive Sciences

Interdisciplinary study of the mind and its processes, integrating perspectives from psychology, neuroscience, and artificial intelligence.

Systematics

The scientific study of how living things are classified.

Taxonomy

The classification of organisms in an ordered system that indicates natural relationships.