Basics of Metaphysics: Week 5 Session 2

These flashcards cover key concepts discussed in the lecture on metaphysics, focusing on definitions, key figures, and essential philosophical questions.

Who is Peter van Inwagen?

The John Cardinal O’Hara Professor of Philosophy, Emeritus, known for his work in metaphysics, philosophy of action, and philosophy of religion.

What is a simple definition of metaphysics?

The study of ultimate reality, although this definition raises further questions about the meaning of 'reality' and 'ultimate'.

What is the relationship between 'really' and 'apparently'?

They imply each other; when something is said to be really true, it suggests that something else is only apparently true.

What is the ultimate reality according to metaphysics?

The reality that is not an appearance; it is the subject-matter of metaphysics that seeks to answer deep questions about existence.

What three questions do metaphysics seek to answer?

1. What are the general features of the World? 2. Why does the World exist? 3. What is our place in the World?

How is metaphysics defined in relation to ultimate truth?

Metaphysics is the study proposing answers to the three ultimate questions about the World.

What distinguishes metaphysics from cosmology?

Cosmology studies the physical universe as a whole, while metaphysics addresses questions beyond what can be scientifically observed.

Why can't physical cosmology answer metaphysical questions?

It cannot explain why the World exists or determine if the physical universe encompasses all of reality.

What role does theology play in relation to metaphysics?

Philosophical or natural theology shares commonalities with metaphysics but is distinct from revealed theology.

What characterizes philosophical questions according to the transcript?

Philosophical questions may lack definitive answers, which is one of the defining characteristics of philosophy.

What is logical positivism's view on metaphysical statements?

It argues that metaphysical statements are meaningless, as they lack empirical verification.

How does Immanuel Kant explain the failure of philosophy to produce established facts?

He suggests that humans are not constructed to find answers to metaphysical questions, leading to contradictions.

What should a student of metaphysics keep in mind regarding differing opinions?

Students are free to disagree with established thinkers and should approach metaphysical concepts critically.

Why does the author advise skepticism in studying metaphysics?

Because metaphysical arguments can be influenced by bias, and it’s important for students to formulate their own positions.

What did F. H. Bradley say about metaphysics?

He referred to it as an attempt to find bad reasons for predetermined beliefs.