The Persecuted - Geography

X% of witchcraft persecutions came from Germany, France, Switzerland and the low countries

75%

What % of Europe’s population did Germany, France, Switzerland and the low countries make up?

50%

Ruler of Wiesensteig

Ulrich von Helfenstein

Wiesensteig -X witches were executed in the winter of X

53, 1562

Wiesensteig - From 1562-3, X women were executed for sorcery

67

Wiesensteig - On X a severe hailstorm hit the city. Led to the execution of 6 women, trials spiralled

3rd August 1562

When was the Trier Witch hunt?

1581-1593

What caused the Trier Witch Hunt?

Crop Failure

How many total trials in the HRE?

50,000

How many total executions in HRE

25,000

% of European executions that occurred in HRE

50%

Bamberg total executions

900

Wurzburg total executions

900

Cologne total executions

2000

When was the Ellwangen witch-hunt

1611-1618

Number of victims of Ellwangen witch-hunt

400

In Eichstatt, a judge claimed the death of X witches in X

274, 1629

When was the Fulda witch hunt

1603-1605

How many victims from the Fulda witch hunt

276

Number of total victims from Mainz

1780

HRE - how many prince-electorates

7

HRE - how many secular principalities

43

HRE - how many ecclesiastical principalities

32

HRE - how many independent earldoms/lordships

140

HRE - how many imperial abbacies

70

HRE - how many imperial cities

75

When did Johann von Weterstetten rule Ellwangen

1603-1612

Ruler of Ellwangen 1603-1612

Johann von Westerstetten

Prince Bishop of Eichstatt 1613-1636

Johann von Westerstetten

When did Johann von Weterstetten rule Eichstatt

1613-1636

X - Unusually cold weather in Franconia (Wurzburg in Franconia)

May 1626

Number of executions France

5000

X trials in the French Dutchy of Lorraine 1580-1620

2000

When were the mass trials in Lorraine?

1580-1620

Judge from the Lorraine trials

Nicolas Remy

Nicolas Remy victims 1586-1695

800

Nicolas Remy victims career

2000

Was the Dutch Republic centralised or decentralised?

Decentralised

France legal system - how many provincial parlements

9

Parlement of X - Exercised judicial control over most of Northern France

Paris

X of cases reviewed by the Parlement of Paris dismissed

1/3

X of cases reviewed by the Parlement of Paris confirmed

1/4

X executions in the Calvinist Pays de Vaud

3000

Place of most intense Swiss witchcraft persecutions - 3000 victims

Pays de Vaud

In Pays de Vaud, what what was the conviction rate %

90%

Executions rate per capita - Switzerland

250

Total trials Switzerland (estimated)

10,000

Total executions in Switzerland (estimated)

5000

Switzerland - Number of Protestant Cantons

6

Switzerland - Number of Catholic Cantons

7

Total number of British trials

6000

Total number of British executions (less than)

2500

Number of victims Scotland

1500

X number of witches in Scotland were executed compared to every 1 in England

3

The population of Scotland was X of England's

1/4

In Scotland, to convict, juries only needed a X (compared to England, in which unanimity was needed)

Majority

Witchcraft in England was essentially the crime of X, rather than Devil worship

Maleficium

When was the Kirk-State commission in Scotland

1592-1597

Legal difference of Britian to HRE - Witchcraft trials were tried by X

Jury

Number of executions in England total

500

Number of executions of Hopkins, estimated

100

What % of England population died in the English Civil War

3.7%

North America - High church tendencies South/Middle only executed X person for witchcraft

1

The 1 execution for witchcraft in the South/Middle occured in X in X

Maryland, 1685

Number of victims from Salem

19

Executions in Salem account for more than X% of all North American executions

50%

Total number of executions for witchcraft in North America

36

The reason why the entire population of Salem/North-ish was more fearful and eager to prosecute witchcraft, compared to South/Middle and Great Britain

Religion

Civilisations in North America were a X society - fixated on the creation of a New Jerusalem

Theocratic

X% of men of military age killed in King Philips War

10%

How many executions Denmark

1000

How many trials Denmark

2000

Population of Denmark

570,000

Denmark - Bishop X threatened to prosecute those 'backwards in religion' in 1544

Peter Palladius

Peter Palladius was the Lutheran bishop of X

Sealand

Denmark - How many executed in 1544

52

Testimony of those convicted of infamous crimes couldn't be used to convict others, banned the use of torture until the death sentence had already been passed. Regulation in Denmark brought in X

1547

Which country governed Norway

Denmark

What % of those tried in Norway were executed

25%

Number of executions in Sweden

300

Population of Sweden

800,000

Sweden - Law requires the testimony of either 6 witnesses or a confession for capital conviction

1593

Sweden - All death sentences to be appealed to a royal court at Stockholm

1614

Sweden - Trial came to an end when King Charles XI stopped the trial by decree

1676

1668-76 - Some X people executed in Sweden's Northern provinces

200

King of Sweden that stopped trials which had raged from 1668-76, killing 200

Charles XI

Norway's population in relation to Britain's

40%

Number of executions in Norway

350

Where was Anne Pedersdotter Absalon from? When was she executed?

Bergen, 1590

Absalon was first charged with cases of X, before charges of diabolism were introduced. But she was convicted mainly on the basis of her collective and individual X

Maleficia

Sweden - soldiers returning home after the Thirty Years War in the 1640s may have introduced ideas of X

Diabolism

Who was executed due to her husbands opposition to icons - as a Lutheran

Anne Absalon

Ideas of witches being able to X was highly popular in Norway - due to its lack of density in population

Fly

Regions that followed rites of X (Greece, Russia) did not engage in wide persecution.

Orthodox Christianity

Number of executions in Poland

1000

Witchcraft trials resemble that of X

Scandanavia

When was Malleus Maleficarum translated into Polish

1614

Trials in East-central and Eastern Europe started much X in relation to Western Countries - Took longer for the impact of the Reformation/Counter-Reformation to be spread

Later

Poland - Trials took place in X courts that were not under close central control

Municipal

Decriminalization of witchcraft in Poland

1776