History and Development of Private Security and Policing in the US

Be familiar with the term "Securus"?

without care, free from care, free from danger, etc.

Which organization did Pinkerton share information with?

Pinkerton National Detective Agency.

private citizens were paid by the king for every criminal arrested, although many were corrupt

"Thief-takers"?

Be familiar with the "Bow Street Runners"?

first modern private investigative agency credited by the novelist, Henry Fielding

Be familiar with the "Metropolitan Police Act"?

drafted by Sir Robert Peel passed in 1829; the 1st large-scale, uniformed, organized, paid, civil police force in London known as "Bobbies".

In Early America, most people did not want a formal, professional police force because it was a threat to their freedom and?

It was a threat to their freedom taxes, elections and legal processes.

The first organized, paid, public police department was in ?

Boston in 1838.

Be familiar with the term "night watch"?

conducting security or surveillance activities during the night hours.

Who developed private security in the United States?

Allan Pinkerton

Be familiar with "Wells and Fargo"?

Created by Henry Well and William Fargo formed the American Express Company which transported bank documents ; expanded to transporting valuables.

Be familiar with the "Hallcrest Report"?

demonstrated the growing and superior role of private security as compared to public law enforcement

What is Washington Perry Brinks known for?

Armored cars to carry money and valuables

Be familiar with the "Railway Police Act"?

gave railroad industry the right to establish a proprietary security force

Because of concerns related to espionage after the U.S entered into WWII, night watchmen and security personnel were officially designated as auxiliaries of what service?

U.S Army

Define (NATB, National Automobile Theft Bureau)?

Developed vehicle-theft databases and managed vehicle-theft investigations for the insurance industry.

The two week course designed for chief security officers and high-level security managers was developed by?

Wharton/ASIS

Congress began investigation of private security firms as a result of the strikebreaking debacle at Carnegie Steel Works in 1892. The result was how many states?

passed laws prohibiting armed merchants from entering their borders

Aristotle stated that "every art and every inquiry and similarly every action and choice is thought to aim at some good". This is quoted from?

The Nichomachaen Ethics

Define (ASIS), American Society for Industrial Security:

1st professional association for private security professionals

The "Private Security Officer Employment Authorization Act" allows employers to request what information about potential employees?

The ability to request criminal background checks from the FBI's database for applicants and holders of security positions.

Be familiar with the "Law Commission of Canada":

4 core principles supporting democratic policing- justice, equality, accountability, and efficiency.

Define "moonlighting"?

Term for police officers working in private security jobs during their off-duty hours.

Define (TSA) Transportation Security Administration?

Federal agency established to protect the nation's transportation systems and ensure freedom of movement for people and commerce.

Some warn that private security officers are not accountable because they are not bound by?

Decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court regarding civil liberties issues, such as Miranda.

What is Private Security concerned with?

Protecting their persons, private property, or interests from various hazards.

Be able to define and apply the conceptual areas or basic components of private security:

Guarding: Includes armed and unarmed security guards, alarms and electronic surveillance equipment, and executive protection ; Risk management: Includes firms advising other companies on methods to protect them from crime; Investigation and detection: Includes both overt and covert surveillance; Control in the criminal justice system to perform such duties as running prisons and guarding courts

The ASIS International has divided security into major occupational areas. What are they?

Certified Protection Professional (CPP), Professional Certified Investigator (PCI), Physical Security Professional (PSP)

When a company has its own security department, it has which type of security system?

Proprietary Security System

Define "covert security"?

undercover security operations

The cost of private security is ultimately paid by whom?

By corporate America and the consumer

What was the 1st American security services company in the US?

Pinkerton National Detective Agency

Which industries employ the largest numbers of security personnel?

Elementary and secondary schools, general medical and surgical hospitals, local gov, traveler accommodation, and investigation and security services.

The private security industry has how many more employees than the police?

3x times more

The task force on Private Security of the National Advisory Commision on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals observed that a large percentage of criminal violators known to private security personnel are?

Referred to the criminal justice system

Many insurance companies require that investigators have?

A college degree

Historically, the entry-level private security industry has suffered from a lack of?

Professional standards

The international association of security and investigative regulators attempts to enhance public safety by promoting professionals through?

through consistent standards

What are the difficulties in requiring mandatory or minimum training hours?

Not enough personnel to keep everyone engaged, burnout, decreases productivity.

Define "Department of Homeland Security"?

cabinet-level U.S. federal executive department established in 2003 to secure the nation from threats.

The Private Security Act of 2001, which established the security industry authority allowed the United Kingdom to create what?

National Oversight of Professionalism