EX 2 - 14

Which of the following is true about use of diet pills for weight reduction? :

Amphetamines are not addictive.

Oral cholecystokinin is absorbed and suppresses hunger.

Diet pills do not lead to long-term changes in weight and tend to have side effects.

Diuretics lead to significant fat loss.

Diet pills do not lead to long-term changes in weight and tend to have side effects.

Body weight in kilograms divided by height squared in meters yields

the body mass index.

Which of the following is not associated with an increase in basal metabolism?:

An increase in lean body mass

A low calorie intake

An increase in body temperature

Caffeine use

A low calorie intake

Bill expends 2,500 kilocalories per day. What amount of kilocalories will be from basal metabolism?

1,500 to 1,750

As one finds his or her weight loss slowing during a weight control program, the best practice is to

increase physical activity.

A _________________________ is usually more accurate at estimating the number of calories you burn during a workout than are calorie estimators on cardio machines.

heart rate monitor

Which of the following is not true about android obesity? :

It is upper body obesity.

It is related to heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus.

A low waist-to-hip ratio is indicative of it.

High testosterone levels encourage it.

A low waist-to-hip ratio is indicative of it.

Changing one's frame of mind related to weight control and nutrition is called

cognitive restructuring

The expenditure of energy to produce heat in response to a cold environment and as a result of overfeeding is called _______________.

adaptive thermogenesis

What would be the approximate weight gain, in pounds, of a person who consumes an excess of 500 kilocalories daily for one month?

3

Joe is getting his energy expenditure measured by direct calorimetry. The 1 liter of water surrounding the chamber has an initial reading of 15 degrees Celsius. The final reading is 2,015 degrees Celsius. How many kilocalories did he expend?

2,000

John weighs 80 kilograms and is 1.6 meters tall. His body mass index is _______________ kg/m2.

31

All of the following statements about many popular diets are true except:

they help people make permanent changes in eating habits.

they promote quick weight loss that ends up being primarily water and lean muscle mass.

they use testimonials from famous people.

they often recommend expensive supplements.

they help people make permanent changes in eating habits.

Margaret's parents are both obese. She has dieted six times, each time losing a considerable amount of weight and subsequently regaining it. Margaret has an aversion to exercise. Which of the following is true about Margaret's situation?

When she ends the diet she regains additional body fat.

Which of the following is an important aspect of behavior modification used for weight control?

Recording eating behavior to identify situations that contribute to overeating

Two self-help groups that would be helpful with weight control efforts include

Weight Watchers and Take Off Pounds Sensibly.

Xenical is a weight-loss drug that works in the digestive system

to block digestion of about one-third of the fat in the food we eat.

Bill consumes 2,500 kilocalories per day. What would be his energy expenditure, in kilocalories, from the thermic effect of food?

300 to 550

125 to 250

Thermogenesis refers to all of the following except

the energy you require during sleep at night.

When attempting to use body fat content to define obesity, body fat above ____ for men warrants an obesity diagnosis.

24%

The best way to treat an underweight person is to advise him or her to

eat calorie-dense foods higher in vegetable fat like nuts and seeds.

All of the following contribute to total energy expenditure except

energy content of food

Which of the following is true about fat?:

It has a high thermic effect.

It is less calorie-dense than carbohydrates or proteins.

It is better to eliminate carbohydrates rather than fat when cutting calories.

It is a concentrated source of calories.

It is a concentrated source of calories

The name for minimum energy expended to keep a resting, awake body alive is _______________. This represents about 60% to 70% of total energy expenditure.

basal metabolism

Altering the environment to minimize the stimuli for eating is called

stimulus control

Which of the following is not characteristic of a fad diet? :

It promotes quick solutions.

It uses scientific evidence, presenting pros and cons.

It limits food selections.

It recommends expensive supplements.

it uses scientific evidence, presenting pros and cons

Which of the following is not a way to estimate body fat?:

Bioelectrical impedance

Body mass index

Underwater weighing

Skinfolds

Body mass index

An example of a bariatric surgical procedure used today for treating severely obese individuals is ____________.

adjustable gastric banding (LAP band)

The thermic effect of food

represents the calories needed to digest, absorb, and process ingested food

A daily deficit of 500 kilocalories should result in a weight loss of about how many pounds per week?

1

Which of the following is not a major goal for weight control programs?:

5-pound weight loss per week

Loss of stored fat

Sparing lean body mass

Reaching a healthy weight

5-pound weight loss per week

When considering physical activity for weight control, keep in mind that aerobic activity, including brisk walking, jogging, or cycling, burns more ___________________ than resistance activity.

fat

The professional qualified to assist individuals with their weight-loss goals is a _______________.

registered nurse

The energy expended to digest, absorb, and further process nutrients in food is called the _______________ of food. This equals approximately 5% to 10% of energy intake.

thermic effect

An example of cognitive restructuring for weight control is:

keeping a food intake diary to identify triggers for eating.

replacing eating reactions to stress with helpful relaxing alternatives.

planning what to eat for breakfast.

decreeing candy bars off limits.

replacing eating reactions to stress with helpful relaxing alternatives

Carol eats 800 kilocalories a day to lose weight. She is 40 years old. Carol has been walking briskly 60 minutes daily for the past 2 months. In her younger days she lifted weights, but she has lost considerable lean body mass over the years because of inactivity. Recently, Carol was diagnosed with hypothyroidism, which lowers metabolism. Which of the following factors increases Carol's energy output and promotes weight loss?

her walking routine

The Physical Activity Guidelines recommend that adults should do the equivalent of ________ minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity each week to achieve and maintain a healthy body weight.

150

When individuals lose weight quickly, most of the weight lost is from

water, glycogen, and muscle tissue

The best formal weight loss program for the average dieter is

weight watchers

____________ increases energy expenditure above basal energy needs by about 25% to 40%.

physical activity

Which of the following testing methods is considered the most accurate way of measuring percent body fat?:

Bioelectrical impedance

Skinfolds

Infrared light

Underwater weighing

underwater weighing

_______________ obesity is a pattern of body fat distribution that is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension.

andriod

When attempting to use body fat content to define obesity, body fat above ____ for women warrants an obesity diagnosis

37%

Underweight is defined as a body mass index below _______________ kg/m2.

18.5

A weight-loss program should have all of the following characteristics except:

the plan should adapt to habits and tastes.

use MyPlate as a pattern for food choices.

the plan should have a weight loss goal of 3 to 5 pounds per week.

the plan should be socially acceptable, allowing attendance at parties and restaurants.

the plan should have a weight loss goal of 3 to 5 pounds per week

The method for determining energy expenditure that involves the measurement of heat given off by the body during a select period of time in an insulated chamber is

direct calorimetry

Orlistat (Xenical) is a medication approved by the FDA for weight loss that reduces fat

digestion by inhibiting lipase enzyme action in the small intestine

A very-low-calorie diet (VLCD), also known as protein-sparing modified fast (PSMF), allows a person ______________ kcal per day, often in liquid form.

400 to 800

Bob is a 34-year-old male who weighs 150 pounds and is a long distance cycler. He is engaged in vigorous activity. Based on the MyPlate Calorie Guidelines, Bob needs approximately _______________ kcal/day.

3,000

The principles of _______________________ include being aware of the entire eating experience from food preparation to consumption, including recognizing and respecting the physical hunger and satiety cues, and being wise in eating decisions.

mindful eating

Potassium performs all the following functions EXCEPT

it maintains fluid balance.

it maintains normal heart function.

it assists nerve transmission.

it maintains the ability to see at night.

it maintains the ability to see at night.

Sodium intake above 2000 milligrams per day may increase urinary excretion of if your dietary intake of that nutrient is low.

calcium

Which of the following population groups requires the least sodium?

Sodium requirements are the same for all adults.

Adults age 51 - 70

Adults through age 50

Adults age 71 and older

Adults through age 50

Functions of chloride include all of the following EXCEPT

nerve transmission.

enzyme activation.

digestion.

immunity.

enzyme activation.

Inadequate hydration may increase risk for

kidney stones.

Of the following foods, which one is lowest in sodium?

grape juice

obesity

is the number one lifestyle risk factor for hypertension.

The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is characterized by excessive production of ADH. A consequence of this disorder could be

hyponatremia.

Metabolic water refers to

formed from oxidation of nutrients in the cells

The typical American diet contains approximately ___ milligrams of sodium.

2,300 to 4,700

The ratio of sodium to chloride in table salt is

50:50

Intracellular water volume depends primarily on the concentration of

phosphate and potassium.

The process of equalizing ion concentration by movement of fluid through a semipermeable membrane is known as

osmosis

Primary hypertension

is a result of sleep apnea.

The major source of chloride in the diet is

salt

Composed primarily of water, metabolic wastes, and minerals, the body's major waste product is

urine

Water regulates body temperature through heat loss via

evaporation

Which of the following populations is especially sensitive to the effects of excess sodium intake on blood pressure?

African-Americans

Caucasians

Native-Americans

Hispanics

African americans

When starting a reduced-salt diet, how long before you can sense salt at a lower taste threshold?

8 weeks

All foods in their unprocessed form tend to be low in sodium EXCEPT

milk and dairy products

The sodium concentration of the blood is primarily regulated by the

kidneys

Depletion of chloride is mostly likely to occur with excessive

vomiting

Limiting dietary intake of sodium will ______ urine production.

decrease

The most practical advice for prevention of hypertension is

maintain a healthy weight.

For a healthy adult, the largest percentage of daily water output is attributed to

urine

Hypertension is defined as a systolic/diastolic blood pressure at or above ___________ mm Hg.

140/90

Mucus, saliva, and synovial (joint) fluid exemplify water's role as a

lubricant

Water constitutes ______ percent of body weight.

50-70

Which of the following foods has the lowest water content?

Sirloin steak

Whole grain bread

Tomato

Butter

butter

The pH of blood is normally maintained at

7.0

During nerve impulse transmission, depolarization results in a ______ charge inside the cell membrane. Repolarization restores the ______ charge inside the cell membrane.

slightly positive; slightly negative

Which of the following meals would be suitable for a person following a low-sodium diet?

Chicken tenders, French fries, and sliced apples from a fast food restaurant

Homemade oven-baked chicken, buttered rice, and steamed fresh green beans

A homemade chicken casserole made with canned green beans and cream of mushroom soup

Chicken noodle soup, oyster crackers, and a tossed green salad with ranch dressing

Homemade oven-baked chicken, buttered rice, and steamed fresh green beans

Of the following, the best source of potassium is

fresh spinach.

canned tuna.

white bread.

milk.

milk

The DASH diet for reduction of hypertension

recommends 2 - 3 servings per day of low-fat dairy products.

Bottled water is regulated by

FDA

Potassium is found in the largest quantities in

milk and dairy products

Which of the following conditions does NOT lead to the breakdown of plastic water bottles?

Cleaning in the dishwasher

Being left in a hot car

Being used to hold lemonade

All of these conditions break down plastic.

All of these conditions break down plastic.

During the process of nerve impulse transmission, when sodium flows into the neuron, its cell membrane is

depolarized

After an intense workout, Christa's weight was down 3 pounds. To rehydrate adequately, Christa should drink cups of water over the next hour or two.

6 - 9

The AI for sodium for those under 51 years of age is

1500 mg/day.

Because it increases loss of the acidic compound CO2, hyperventilation would ______ blood pH.

increase

If the intracellular concentration of ions is greater than the extracellular concentration of ions, which will happen in order to maintain balance?

fluid will move into the cell

Diastolic pressure refers to the pressure in the

arteries when the heart is relaxed.

Potassium and phosphate are the major ______ electrolytes.

intracellular

The two most significant extracellular ions are

sodium and chloride

It can be difficult to visualize the immune system because it is really a collection of diverse tissues that work together to ___.

prevent infection, break down aged and dying cells, and remove abnormal cells

speciallized cells that participate in the immune response; includes the thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, and white blood cells.

lymphoid tissue

clusters of lymphoid tissue, situated along the lymph vessels, that trap and destroy pathogens.

lymph nodes

an enzyme produced by a variety of cells; it can destroy bacteria by rupturing their cell membrains

lysozyme

cluster of lymphoid cells located throughout the gastrointestinal tract that destroy pathogens

gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT)