Pregnancy + reproductive system

What is testicular torsion?

Twisting of the spermatic cord resulting in loss of blood flow and nerve function to the testicle

What are the symptoms of testicular torsion?

Intermittent / exertion pain
Vomiting
Swelling

What can testicular torsion lead to?

Loss of testis
Infection
Infertility
Cosmetic deformity
Loss of exo + endocrine function

What is the target time frame to treat testicular distortion?

8 hours

What is epididymitis?

inflammation of the epididymis

What are the symptoms of epididymitis?

Slow onset pain
Discolouration
Pain on urination
Fever

Where do you transport epididymitis + testicular distortion to?

Epididymis - GP
Testicular distortion - ED

If in doubt go ED

What is prostatitis?

inflammation of the prostate

What age is prostatitis most common?

Over 50

What ar ehe symptoms of prostatitis?

Pain on urination
Urinary retention
Pain on ejaculation
Sexual dysfunction

What is the treatment for prostatitis ?

Analgesia

What are the symptoms of ovarian cysts ?

Abdo / back pain
Pain during intercourse
Bloating
Abnormal / bloody discharge

What is an ovarian cyst?

Fluid filled sac on the ovary

What can happen to ovarian cysts if left untreated?

Rupture
Cause torsion

What are the symptoms of a ovarian cyst?

Pain
PV bleed
Bloating

if severe:
Vomiting
Dizziness

What is an ovarian torsion?

Twisted ovary

What do most people with ovarian torsion also have?

Ovarian cysts
Neoplasms - abnormal tissue mass

What are the symptoms of ovarian torsion?

Sharp / dull pain
Abnormal discharge / bleeding
Fever

What is ectopic pregnancy?

Pregnancy implanted outside of uterus

What are the symptoms of ectopic pregnancy?

One sided lower abdomen pain
PV bleed / brown / watery
Shoulder tip pain
Pain when urinating / bowel movement
Tachycardia

What is the management for ectopic pregnancy?

O2
Consider fluids
Blue call

What is pelvic inflammatory disease?

Infection of female reproductive system

What are the symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease?

Severe abdo pain
Random bleeding inc after sex
Fever
Nausea / vomiting
Bad smelling discharge

What is the most common cause of pelvis inflammatory disease?

STI - chlyamdia

What is preeclampsia?

High BP caused by pregnancy

What is eclampsia?

Seizures caused by high BP from pregnancy

What are 6 symptoms of preeclampsia ?

High BP over 140/90
Blood in pee
Fluid retention = swelling in hands / legs/ feet
Headaches
Vision changes
Liver pain

What are the risk factors of preeclampsia?

FHx of it
Poor placental blood flow
First pregnancy
High altitude
Older 35 yrs
African

How do you treat eclampsia?

Oxygen
Treat as normal seizure - magnesium instead of midazolam

What is a subchronic haematoma ?

Pooling of blood between embryo + uterine wall

When is placental abruption most common?

3rd trimester

What are the symptoms of placental abruption?

PV bleed
Strong contractions
Abdo / back pain
Reduced foetal movement

What are the symptoms of Subchorionic Haematoma?

Bleeding - lots or little
Cramping

How many grades of placental abruption are there, what do they mean?

1 - no stress to mother or baby
2 - little distress + moderate bleeding
3 - Stress + strong contractions

What counts as a PPH for natural + C-section?

natural - 500ml
c-section - 1L

What are the 4 Ts that cause PPH?

Tone
Trauma
Tissue
Thrombin

What treatment would you give for PPH?

Syntometrine - causes muscle contraction
Oxygen
TXA
Fundal massage
Fluids

What are the risk factors of Hyperemesis gravidarum ?

Migrane sufferer
Nausea from oestrogen meds
Travel sickness
Genetics

Larger placental mass

What is hyperemesis gravidarum?

Severe vomiting during pregnancy

What causes hyperemesis gravidarum?

Rapid increase of HCG levels in blood

What can hyperemesis gravidarum cause?

Impaired renal + liver function
Weight loss
Dehydration

Preterm delivery
Low birth weight
Neurodevelopment delay of baby