APUSH Period 7 (Part 2) Terms

Credits: AneesaR26 on Quizlet

What was the significance of the Stock Market Crash of 1929?

It marked the beginning of the Great Depression, leading to widespread economic hardship and unemployment.

What was the Hawley-Smoot Tariff?

A protective tariff enacted in 1930 that raised duties on imports, worsening the Great Depression by reducing international trade.

What was the Dust Bowl?

A severe drought in the 1930s that devastated agriculture in the Great Plains, leading to mass migration and economic distress.

What were Hoovervilles?

Makeshift shantytowns built by homeless people during the Great Depression, named after President Hoover, who was blamed for the economic crisis.

What does RFC stand for and what was its purpose?

The Reconstruction Finance Corporation was established to provide financial support to banks, businesses, and state and local governments during the Great Depression.

What was the Bonus Army?

A group of World War I veterans who marched to Washington, D.C. in 1932 to demand early payment of a bonus promised to them.

What was the New Deal Coalition?

A political coalition formed in the 1930s that included various groups supporting FDR's New Deal policies, fundamentally reshaping American politics.

Who were the Brain Trust?

A group of academic advisors who helped President Franklin D. Roosevelt develop policies for the New Deal.

What is the Twentieth Amendment?

An amendment to the U.S. Constitution that changed the dates for the start of presidential and congressional terms, ratified in 1933.

What was the New Deal?

A series of programs and reforms enacted by FDR to combat the Great Depression and promote economic recovery.

What were the 'Hundred Days'?

The first three months of FDR's presidency in 1933, during which a significant number of New Deal programs were enacted.

What were the Fireside Chats?

Radio broadcasts by FDR to communicate directly with the American public, fostering a sense of connection and reassurance.

What was the Glass-Steagall Act?

A 1933 law that established the FDIC and separated commercial banking from investment banking to prevent financial speculation.

What does FDIC stand for and what is its purpose?

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, created to insure bank deposits and restore public confidence in the banking system.

What was the CCC?

The Civilian Conservation Corps, a New Deal program that employed young men in environmental conservation projects.

What was the AAA?

The Agricultural Adjustment Act aimed to boost agricultural prices by reducing surpluses through production limits.

What did the NRA do?

The National Recovery Administration was established to regulate industry and stimulate economic recovery during the Great Depression.

What was the significance of Schechter Poultry v. US?

A Supreme Court case that declared the NRA unconstitutional, limiting the federal government's ability to regulate the economy.

What was the TVA?

The Tennessee Valley Authority, a New Deal agency created to provide navigation, flood control, electricity generation, and economic development in the Tennessee Valley.

Who was Huey Long and what was his 'Share Our Wealth' program?

A Louisiana politician who proposed wealth redistribution policies during the Great Depression to alleviate poverty.

Who was Father Charles Coughlin?

A Catholic priest and radio host who criticized FDR and advocated for monetary reforms and social justice during the Great Depression.

What was the Wagner Act?

A 1935 law that established the right of workers to organize and bargain collectively, strengthening labor unions.

What was the Social Security Act?

A 1935 law that created a social insurance program to provide financial assistance to the elderly and unemployed.

Who was Frances Perkins?

The first female U.S. Cabinet member, serving as Secretary of Labor under FDR and instrumental in the creation of the Social Security Act.

What was the WPA?

The Works Progress Administration, a New Deal agency that provided jobs for millions of unemployed Americans through public works projects.

What was the Fair Labor Standards Act?

A 1938 law that established minimum wage, overtime pay eligibility, recordkeeping, and youth employment standards.

What was the Judicial Procedures Reform Bill?

A 1937 proposal by FDR to expand the Supreme Court, aimed at securing favorable rulings for New Deal legislation.

What was the Good Neighbor Policy?

A diplomatic policy adopted by FDR aimed at improving relations with Latin American countries through mutual respect and non-intervention.

What was the Nye Committee?

A congressional committee that investigated the causes of U.S. involvement in World War I, influencing isolationist sentiment.

What were the Neutrality Acts?

A series of laws passed in the 1930s aimed at preventing U.S. involvement in foreign conflicts and wars.

What does 'cash and carry' refer to?

A policy allowing countries at war to purchase non-military goods from the U.S. if they paid in cash and transported the goods themselves.

What was the Lend-Lease program?

A program under which the U.S. supplied Allied nations with military equipment during World War II, significantly aiding their war efforts.

What was the America First Committee?

An isolationist group formed in 1940 that opposed U.S. intervention in World War II.

What were the 'Four Freedoms'?

FDR's four essential freedoms: freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear, articulated in a 1941 speech.

What was the Atlantic Charter?

A joint declaration by FDR and Winston Churchill in 1941 outlining the goals for the post-war world, emphasizing self-determination and economic cooperation.

What was Executive Order 9066?

A 1942 order that authorized the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II.

What was the significance of Korematsu v. US?

A Supreme Court case that upheld the internment of Japanese Americans, later widely criticized for its violation of civil liberties.

What was the 'bracero' program?

A series of agreements between the U.S. and Mexico that allowed Mexican laborers to work in the U.S. during World War II.

What were the Zoot Suit Riots?

A series of racial conflicts in 1943 in Los Angeles between U.S. servicemen and Mexican American youths, highlighting racial tensions.

What was the Greenwood Massacre?

A violent racial conflict in 1921 in Tulsa, Oklahoma, where a white mob attacked the prosperous Black community of Greenwood.

Who was Marcus Garvey?

A Jamaican political leader and activist who promoted Black nationalism and the 'Back to Africa' movement in the early 20th century.

What was the 'Great Migration'?

The mass movement of African Americans from the rural South to urban areas in the North and West during the early to mid-20th century.

Who was A. Phillip Randolph?

A civil rights leader and labor organizer who advocated for African American workers' rights and organized the March on Washington in 1963.

What was Executive Order 8802?

A 1941 order prohibiting racial discrimination in the defense industry, marking a significant step towards civil rights.

What was the 'Double V' campaign?

A campaign during World War II advocating for victory against fascism abroad and racial discrimination at home.

Who was Marian Anderson?

An African American contralto singer who gained fame for her performances and broke racial barriers in the music industry.

What was 'Rosie the Riveter'?

A cultural icon representing women who worked in factories and shipyards during World War II, symbolizing female empowerment.

What was the Office of War Information?

A U.S. government agency created during World War II to disseminate propaganda and information to support the war effort.

What does V-E Day stand for?

Victory in Europe Day, celebrated on May 8, 1945, marking the formal acceptance of Nazi Germany's unconditional surrender.

What was Leyte Gulf?

A major naval battle in 1944 during World War II, resulting in a decisive victory for the Allies against Japan.

What was the Manhattan Project?

A secret U.S. government research project during World War II that developed the atomic bomb.

What does V-J Day stand for?

Victory over Japan Day, celebrated on August 15, 1945, marking the end of World War II after Japan's surrender.