Innate Immunity Lecture Notes (copy)

The innate immune system provides the first line of defense against __.

pathogens.

Main components of the innate immune system include __, chemical, and cellular defenses.

physical defenses

The two major layers of the skin are the and .

epidermis; dermis

Epidermal dendritic cells play a role in __ by phagocytizing pathogens.

immune defense

The __ membranes line all body cavities open to the environment.

mucous

The __ apparatus produces and drains tears that wash away potential pathogens.

lacrimal

Urine maintains a __ environment in the kidney, ureter, and bladder.

sterile

Normal microbiota compete with potential pathogens through a process called __.

microbial antagonism

Skin secretes __ that contains salt and inhibits pathogen growth.

perspiration

The __ system consists of serum proteins that, when activated, can lead to the lysis of foreign cells.

complement

Cytokines are protein molecules that act as __ signals between cells.

communication

Leukocytes are split into granulocytes and __.

agranulocytes

The process by which leukocytes move from the bloodstream to the site of infection is called __.

diapedesis

Phagocytosis is an immune response mechanism used by __ to engulf and destroy pathogens.

phagocytes

is a nonspecific response to tissue damage characterized by redness, heat, swelling, and pain.

Inflammation

A body temperature exceeding __ is classified as a fever.

37°C