s3.2 chemistry functional groups

single bond

alkane

methane

n=1

CH₄

ethane

n=2

C₂H₆

propane

n=3

C₃H₈

butane

n=4

C₄H₁₀

pentane

n=5

C₅H₁₂

hexane

n=6

C₆H₁₄

heptane

n=7

C₇H₁₆

saturated vs unsaturated

single bonds

double or triple bonds

class: alkane (-ane)

ethane → CH₃–CH₃

functional group: alkyl

C-C

class: alkene (-ene)

Ethene → CH₂=CH₂

functional group: alkenyl 

C=C

class: alkynyl (-yne)

Ethyne → HC≡CH

functional group: alkyne 

C≡C

class: alcohol (-ol)

Ethanol → CH₃CH₂O

functional group: hydroxyl

-OH

class: ether

Dimethyl ether → CH₃–O–CH₃

functional group: ether (alkoxy)

-O-

class: aldehyde (-al)

Ethanal → CH₃CHO

functional group: aldehyde

-CHO

class: ketone (-one)

Propanone → CH₃COCH₃

functional group: carbonyl 

C=O (middle)

class: carboxylic acid (-oic acid)

Ethanoic acid → CH₃COOH

functional group: carboxyl

-COOH

class: ester (-oate)

Methyl ethanoate → CH₃COOCH₃

functional group: ester

-COO-

class: amine (-amine)

Ethylamine → CH₃CH₂NH₂

functional group: amino

-NH₂

class: amide (-amide)

Ethanamide → CH₃CONH₂

functional group: amide 

-CONH2

class: benzene

Methylbenzene → CH₃–C₆H₅

functional group: phenyl

C₆H₅-