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Cell swelling
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Hydrophobic degeneration
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Hyaline degeneration
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Amyloidosis
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Fatty degeneration
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Fatty infiltration
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Fibrinoid degeneration
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Mucoid degeneration
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Coagulative necrosis
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Caseation necrosis
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Liquefactive necrosis
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Fat necrosis
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Gangrene
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Zenker’s necrosis
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Atrophy
qualitative decrease
Hypertrophy
qualitative increase
Hyperplasia
quantitative increase
Metaplasia
Transformation of one tissue type to another
Hypoplasia
failure of organ development
Anaplasia
Cell reversion to a more primitive & undifferentiated type
Dysplasia
cell development and maturation are disturbed → size abnormality
Hyperemia
increase blood flow
Congestion
Impaired venous outflow
Ischemia
inadequate blood supply to organ or tissue
Hemorrhage
escape of blood from blood vessels
Petechiae
pinpoint hemorrhages
Ecchymoses
Larger areas of hemorrhage
Agonal
Small hemorrhages occurring during dying process
Suffusion
Blood diffuses into tissues without a defined border
Hematocyst
Cystic rupture filled with blood
Purpura
larger than petechiae, smaller than ecchymoses
Sludge blood
thickened, slow-moving blood due to dehydration or circulatory stasis
Thrombosis
Formation of solid blood clot within blood vessel
Embolism
blood vessel obstruction by transported material
infarction
necrosis due to thrombosis or embolim
Edema
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space
Shock
critical condition caused by inadequate tissue perfusion → cell and organ dysfunction