Kidney Function and Homeostasis

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the function of the kidneys and their role in maintaining homeostasis.

Osmoregulation

The process of controlling the osmotic concentration within cells.

Ultrafiltration

The process by which blood is filtered in the glomerulus, allowing filtrate to be separated from the blood.

Bowman's Capsule

A C-shaped structure that captures filtrate exiting from the glomerulus.

Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)

The section of the nephron immediately following Bowman's capsule involved in selective reabsorption.

Glomerulus

A tangled mass of fenestrated capillaries where blood filtration occurs.

Selective Reabsorption

The process in the proximal convoluted tubule where certain molecules are reabsorbed back into the blood.

Afferent Arteriole

The blood vessel that supplies blood to the nephron.

Efferent Arteriole

The blood vessel that drains blood away from the nephron.

Loop of Henle

The U-shaped section of the nephron that plays a critical role in concentrating urine.

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

A hormone that increases the permeability of the collecting duct to water, affecting urine concentration.

Microvilli

Small finger-like projections in the proximal convoluted tubule that increase surface area for reabsorption.

Renal Pelvis

The central part of the kidney where filtrate collects before being sent to the ureter.