Studied by 55 people
Pray, girl
Petrarch
Father of the Renaissance, developed humanism
Humanism
Philosophy which focused on the unlimited potential of human beings
Lorenzo Valla
Studied the philology of Latin
Giovanni Pico della Mirandola
Wrote “Oration on the Dignity of Man” which argued the unlimited potential bound by the human being
Secularism
Divorce of religious belief from society
Individualism
Emphasizes triumph of the individual over the community
Civic Humanism
Applying humanism to the public sphere
Baldassare Castiglione
Wrote “The Courtier” which told how to behave in a courtly society
Leonardo Bruni
Wrote “The New Cicero” which argued that intellectuals are duty-bound to share their knowledge in service of the state
Niccolo Machiavelli
Wrote “The Prince” which argued that a ruler must do whatever it takes to preserve power
Naturalism
Art style which portrayed the world as it was without symbolic figures
Geometric Perspective
Technique used to portray the realistic illusion of depth in art
Leonardo da Vinci
Artist and inventor during the Italian Renaissance
Michaelangelo
Artist and Sculptor during the Italian Renaissance
Raphael
Artist during the Italian Renaissance
Filippo Brunelleschi
Architect during the Italian Renaissance
The Medici Family
Major patrons of Renaissance art, established the banking industry in Florence
Pieter Bruegel the Elder
Artist during the Dutch and Flemish Renaissance
Rembrandt
Artist during the Dutch Renaissance
Christian Humanism
Philosophy that combines humanistic thought with Christian traditions
Desiderius Erasmus
Christian humanist who wrote “The Praise of Folly”: A satirical piece which criticized the corrupt aspects of religious hierarchies
Johannes Gutenberg
Invented the moveable type printing press
Treason Act
Criminalized the refusal to recognize the Church of England and the official state church
Act of Uniformity
English subjects have to attend Anglican church services every week or pay a fine
Act of Supremacy
Declared King Henry VIII the head of the Anglican Church
Alcabala
Tax on the sale of property
Corregidores
Magistrates, civic officers
Concordat of Bologna
Allowed the Pope to tax the French Catholic Church
Mercantilism
There is a finite amount of wealth and the goal is to acquire as much as possible
Balance of Trade
More exports than imports
Jean-Baptiste Colbert
Created policies in France that enabled French industry to create everything the people needed to decrease tariffs
Reconquista
Spain driving Muslims and Jews out of the country
Bartolome de las Casas
Writer who defended the indigenous Americans
Maritime Empires
Sea-based empires
Prince Henry the Navigator
Got Portuguese ships to join the spice trade via the Cape of Good Hope
Vasco de Gama
First European to sail around the Cape of Good Hope
Samuel de Champlain
Founded France’s first permanent settlement in Quebec
Treaty of Tordesillas
Portugal and Spain splitting territory in the New World
The Columbian Exchange
The global transfer of goods, culture, and diseases between the Old World and the New World
Feudalism
A system where peasants lived and worked on a noble’s land in exchange for protection from nobles
Double-Entry Bookkeeping
How banks kept track of money
Joint-stock Company
A private company in which investors bought shares
Subsistence Farming
Farming for oneself
Enclosure Acts
Allowed large landowners to purchase public land and privatize it
Nobles of the Robe
French economic elite who could afford to buy their nobility
Serfs
Peasants who work the land on manors
Jean Bodin
Said to keep peace through laws and dictating religion
Hugo Grotius
Laid the foundation of international law and diplomacy
Hernan Cortes
Destroyed the Aztec Empire and governed modern day Mexico
War of the Roses
Civil war between the House of Lancaster and House of York
Politique
Rulers who put the wellbeing of the state first
German Peasant Revolt
German peasants demanded freedom from oppression by the nobility
Miguel Cervantes
Wrote “Don Quixote”
Note
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