AP Euro - Unit 1

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53 Terms

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Petrarch
Father of the Renaissance, developed humanism
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Humanism
Philosophy which focused on the unlimited potential of human beings
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Lorenzo Valla
Studied the philology of Latin
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Giovanni Pico della Mirandola
Wrote “Oration on the Dignity of Man” which argued the unlimited potential bound by the human being
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Secularism
Divorce of religious belief from society
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Individualism
Emphasizes triumph of the individual over the community
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Civic Humanism
Applying humanism to the public sphere
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Baldassare Castiglione
Wrote “The Courtier” which told how to behave in a courtly society
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Leonardo Bruni
Wrote “The New Cicero” which argued that intellectuals are duty-bound to share their knowledge in service of the state
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Niccolo Machiavelli
Wrote “The Prince” which argued that a ruler must do whatever it takes to preserve power
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Naturalism
Art style which portrayed the world as it was without symbolic figures
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Geometric Perspective
Technique used to portray the realistic illusion of depth in art
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Leonardo da Vinci
Artist and inventor during the Italian Renaissance
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Michaelangelo
Artist and Sculptor during the Italian Renaissance
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Raphael
Artist during the Italian Renaissance
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Filippo Brunelleschi
Architect during the Italian Renaissance
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The Medici Family
Major patrons of Renaissance art, established the banking industry in Florence
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Pieter Bruegel the Elder
Artist during the Dutch and Flemish Renaissance
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Rembrandt
Artist during the Dutch Renaissance
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Christian Humanism
Philosophy that combines humanistic thought with Christian traditions
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Desiderius Erasmus
Christian humanist who wrote “The Praise of Folly”: A satirical piece which criticized the corrupt aspects of religious hierarchies
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Johannes Gutenberg
Invented the moveable type printing press
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Treason Act
Criminalized the refusal to recognize the Church of England and the official state church
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Act of Uniformity
English subjects have to attend Anglican church services every week or pay a fine
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Act of Supremacy
Declared King Henry VIII the head of the Anglican Church
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Alcabala
Tax on the sale of property
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Corregidores
Magistrates, civic officers
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Concordat of Bologna
Allowed the Pope to tax the French Catholic Church
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Mercantilism
There is a finite amount of wealth and the goal is to acquire as much as possible
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Balance of Trade
More exports than imports
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Jean-Baptiste Colbert
Created policies in France that enabled French industry to create everything the people needed to decrease tariffs
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Reconquista
Spain driving Muslims and Jews out of the country
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Bartolome de las Casas
Writer who defended the indigenous Americans
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Maritime Empires
Sea-based empires
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Prince Henry the Navigator
Got Portuguese ships to join the spice trade via the Cape of Good Hope
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Vasco de Gama
First European to sail around the Cape of Good Hope
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Samuel de Champlain
Founded France’s first permanent settlement in Quebec
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Treaty of Tordesillas
Portugal and Spain splitting territory in the New World
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The Columbian Exchange
The global transfer of goods, culture, and diseases between the Old World and the New World
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Feudalism
A system where peasants lived and worked on a noble’s land in exchange for protection from nobles
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Double-Entry Bookkeeping
How banks kept track of money
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Joint-stock Company
A private company in which investors bought shares
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Subsistence Farming
Farming for oneself
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Enclosure Acts
Allowed large landowners to purchase public land and privatize it
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Nobles of the Robe
French economic elite who could afford to buy their nobility
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Serfs
Peasants who work the land on manors
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Jean Bodin
Said to keep peace through laws and dictating religion
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Hugo Grotius
Laid the foundation of international law and diplomacy
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Hernan Cortes
Destroyed the Aztec Empire and governed modern day Mexico
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War of the Roses
Civil war between the House of Lancaster and House of York
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Politique
Rulers who put the wellbeing of the state first
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German Peasant Revolt
German peasants demanded freedom from oppression by the nobility
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Miguel Cervantes
Wrote “Don Quixote”