FISH2000 Midterm

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Tomasso || Tuesday 8:30am

193 Terms

1

Where do fish come from

Eggs except a few examples are guppies

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2

Why do fish hatch fastly

To avoid be consumed by other fish

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3

Yolk sac larvae

An egg that can move and swim but not eat t

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4

What develops the fishes digestive tract

Oil globule

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5

Post Larvae

Small fish that can eat and swim

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6

Dorsal fin

Top fin ( can be two or just one long )

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7

Pelvic fin

Steering and hold postion

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8

Anal fin

Single fin on midline for stability

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9

caudal fin

Main motor of fish

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10

Tots length

Tip of the tail to tip of nose

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11

Fork length

Tip of the nose to the forked tail

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12

standard length

Tip of the nose to the Caudal fin

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13

What do fish have that we don't

Swim bladder

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14

Pyloric caeca

Bags of bacteria that aid in digestion

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15

Operculum

Bony flap that opens up to posterior

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16

Placoid scale

Small scale in sharks

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17

Ganoid scale

Sturgeon scale

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18

Cycloid scale

Thin round scales

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19

Ctenoid scales

Largemouth bass scales

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20

Inferior postion

Bottom

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21

subterminal

Bottom or offside

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22

Terminal side

In front of them

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23

Superior mouth

Off the surface

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24

heart

Pumps fluid through circulatory system

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25

How do hearts work ?

Means of contraction

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26

What do contractions create

Pulses with blood and pressure

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27

Human and bird heart have what

Four chambers with a double circuit

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28

What do the double circuits allow for

Blood to be sent to tissues at higher pressures than a single circuit

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29

What requires our 4 chamber heart?

Us homeotherms require it in order to maintain a higher metabolic rate

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30

What did our hearts evolve from

Single chamber

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31

All blood cells are lined with specialized epithelial cells called

Vascular endothelium

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32

A site of gas nutrients and waste exchange

Capillaries

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33

Do fish have open or closed circulatory systems?

closed

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34

fish heart

Single circuit with 2 chambers where blood flows from gills to body

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35

Where is blood collected in a fish

Sinus venosus

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36

Do fish expend energy to hold postion

No

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37

poikiotherms

Take the body temperature of the environment or water they are in

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38

Fish are horizontal, does this require more or less pressure to push blood

Less pressure

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39

Swimming action does what to blood pressure

Compressed vessels and helps it move

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40

Where is accessory gas exchange helpful ?

In fishes that spend time in low oxygen water

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41

Lacunae

Small interconnected spaces in tissue that hemolymph flows through

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42

Sinuses

Large open areas that collect hemolymph

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43

Metabolism

Processes by which energy is acquired , transformed, and channeled into useful functions

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44

catabolic chemical reactions

involve breaking down big molecules such as in digestion and energy consumption

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45

Anabolic chemical reactions

create molecules such as synthesis of proteins to make new muscle. ( small to big )

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46

Energy

The capacity to do mechanical work or increase order

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47

first law of thermodynamics

Energy is neither consumed nor created. It simply changes form

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48

metabolic rate

The rate of energy consumption with an organism

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49

metabolic rate

Rate at which chemical energy is converted to heat or work

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50

1 calorie

Energy needed to raise 1 g of water

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51

1 kilocalorie

1000 calories

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52

1 calorie

4.184 joules

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53

1 watt

1 joule per second

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54

Direct calorimetery

Measures heat production

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55

indirect calorimetry

Respiratory gas exchange with a material balance

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56

Two things that indirect calorimetry can measure

Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production

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57

basic metabolic rate

Metabolic rate of a homeotherm when resting and fasting

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58

standard metabolic rate (SMR)

the metabolic rate of an ectotherm at rest at a specific temperature

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59

Does metabolic rate increase of decrease after u eat

Increase

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60

Your metabolic rate increases depending on what

The amount of food you eat

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61

allometric relationship

a relative increase in a physical or physiological property of an organism in relation to its body size

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62

Forced fines distance =

Energy

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63

potential energy

Water stored behind a dam or in a chemical bond

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64

kinetic energy

Energy stored in the motion of the ocean

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65

open system

exchange both matter and energy with environment

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66

closed system

Exchange energy but not matter

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67

biological systems

Obey same principles as do mechanicals systems only more complex

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68

Law of Constant Heat Sums

Chemical reaction that starts and finish with the same substance liberate or consume the same amount of energy regardless of the pathway

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69

second law or thermodynamics

a partial conversion to heat is inevitable

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70

chemical reaction

Break bonds between atoms to release energy

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71

Nuclear reactions involve

Break atoms to release energy in part of mass of an atom

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72

What are the two reasons animals eat food

To obtain energy and nutrients

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73

Nutrients and energy are not inside the animal until when

They cross from gut to blood

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74

Assimilation

Animals are a " tube within a tube "

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75

About what percent of what you eat is used to supper brain function

20 percent

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76

Why must the feed we offer be balanced ?

So it keeps a good production ratio

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77

Thermal Biology

Understanding how environmental temperature affects animals

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78

Thermoregulation

the maintenance of a relatively constant body temp

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79

Thermoconformation

Body temp reflects outside temp

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80

Endothermy

Body tissues are warmed by the production of metabolic heat

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81

Ectothermy

Body tissues are warmed By the heat from the environment

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82

Poikilotherms

Animals that allow their body temperature to conform to the environment

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83

Homeotherms

Animals that thermoregulate by physiological means

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84

Heterothermy

Differences in thermal relations within an individual over time or from one body region to another

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85

Homeothermy Characteristics

Allows animals to remain active in cold weather

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86

Poikilotherms

Animals are not active during cold

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87

Heat

Form of energy represented by motion of atoms and molecules

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88

Absolute zero

Temp at which atomic and molecular motion are at the minimum

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89

Temperature

A measure of motion of the atoms and molecules

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90

Conduction

Transfer through motionless substance

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91

Convection

Transfer through macroscopic flowing fluid flow

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92

Evaporation

Change of water to gas ( carries heat away )

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93

Radiation

The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves

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94

direction of heat transfer

Heat tends to move from a region of higher temp to a region of lower temp

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95

How many mechanism of heat transfer are usually at work on a animal

More than one

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96

Thermononuetral zone

Resting metalbolic rate does not change over a rate of temperatures

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97

How do animals thermoregulate

Modulation of insulation.

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98

How do you increase the effectiveness of insulation

Erection of hairs and feathers

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99

pilomotor muscles

cause erection of the hairs of the skin in response to a chilly environment, emotional stimulus, or skin irritation

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100

Vasometer response

Less blood flow to skin and superficial parts of animals

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