Sex Differences and Personality Traits

Flashcards covering the key concepts of sex differences, personality traits, cultural dimensions, intelligence, and their relationships.

Sex

Biological differences between males and females.

Youth, beauty, fertility

Traits valued in females that signify reproductive potential and ensure offspring survival.

Agreeableness

A personality trait characterized by being compassionate and cooperative.

Testosterone

A hormone that influences dominance and competition, relating to assertiveness and aggression.

Estrogen

A hormone linked to emotional attunement and nurturing behavior.

Fight or Flight

A stress response typically associated with males.

Tend and Befriend

A stress response typical for females, emphasizing social bonding for safety.

Etic vs Emic

Etic refers to universal traits, while Emic refers to culture-specific traits.

Tight vs Loose Cultures

Tight cultures have strict norms and sanctions; loose cultures are tolerant and flexible.

Individualism vs Collectivism

Individualism prioritizes individual goals; collectivism emphasizes group harmony.

Vertical vs Horizontal

Vertical denotes hierarchy, while horizontal signifies equality in social relations.

Bicultural Identity

Individuals who adapt their behavior and self-construal based on cultural contexts.

Cultural frame-switching

The shift in personality expressions according to language or situation.

Cultural Complexity

Higher complexity in urban societies leads to greater trait diversity.

Values: Schwartz Model

The framework categorizing values, contrasting higher-order domains and their opposite poles.

g (general intelligence)

The common ability underlying all cognitive skills.

Fluid intelligence (Gf)

The capacity for problem-solving and reasoning.

Crystallized intelligence (Gc)

Knowledge and skills accumulated through learning.