Ch. 18 Hw: General & Special Sense

The simplest receptors are the dendrites of sensory neurons, called ________.

free nerve endings

In contrast to a sensation, a perception __________.

reaches the level of conscious awareness in an individual

If Antonio looks and sniffs hungrily at a bowl of soup and eagerly consumes a spoonful, finding it delicious but extremely hot, he has stimulated a general sense in __________.

the detection of the heat of the soup on his tongue

Sensation is defined as __________

the reception of sensory information in the CNS

Which of the following correctly describes thermoreceptors?

Sensations detected by thermoreceptors are conducted along the spinothalamic tracts.

Information on the volume of the urinary bladder is provided by ________.

baroreceptors

A person having a heart attack may feel pain along the medial side of the left arm. This pain is known as ________.

referred pain

The bladder, the lungs, and the blood vessels are all monitored by what kind of receptor?

baroreceptors

If Adam accidentally drops a hot pan onto his bare foot, which of the following receptors is NOT likely to be stimulated?

chemoreceptors

Olfactory receptor cells are ________ neurons

bipolar

What would be the effect if the cribriform plate of the ethmoid were damaged?

The sense of smell would be diminished because of an inability to send a neural, olfactory impulse to the brain.

Which taste sensation is produced by receptors sensitive to the presence of the amino acid glutamate?

umami

Which structure is a thin, semitransparent connective tissue sheet that separates the external ear from the middle ear?

tympanic membrane

What is the function of the auditory tube?

It serves to equalize the pressure in the middle ear cavity with external, atmospheric pressure

Perilymph ________.

has properties that closely resemble those of cerebrospinal fluid

Which of the following is described as a thin, membranous partition that separates the perilymph of the cochlear chambers from the air in the middle ear?

round window

Which of the following is/are bony labyrinth feature(s) that provide(s) sensations of gravity and linear acceleration?

utricle and saccule

Hair cells ________.

are the sensory receptors of the inner ear

When an individual is shaking the head "no," the hair cells are stimulated in which of the following structures?

lateral semicircular duct

Which of the following is described as a gelatinous matrix that contains densely packed calcium carbonate crystals?

otolithic membrane

The sensory receptors of the inner ear are called ________

hair cells

The organ of Corti rests on which structure that separates the cochlear duct from the scala tympani?

basilar membrane

Which of the following is the correct order of the steps in the production of an auditory sensation?

1 - The pressure waves distort the basilar membrane on their way to the round window.

2 - Vibration of the basilar membrane causes vibration of hair cells against the tectorial membrane.

3 - Movement of the stapes at the oval window establishes pressure waves in the perilymph of the vestibular duct.

4 - Sound waves arrive at the tympanic membrane.

5 - Information concerning the frequency and intensity of stimulation is relayed to the CNS.

6 - Movement of the tympanic membrane causes displacement of the auditory ossicles.

4-6-3-1-2-5

In comparison to a high-pitched frequency, a low-pitched frequency __________

penetrates closer to the cochlear spiral tip

The auditory ossicles __________.

are located in the middle ear

The auditory tube __________.

forms a passageway to the nasopharynx

Which of the following cranial nerves travels through the region of the inner ear with the vestibulocochlear nerve?

facial nerve

The inner ear lies within which of the following bones?

temporal

Movement of the __________ gives the sensations that we use to determine our equilibrium and balance.

kinocilium of the hair cells

What is the function of the auditory ossicles?

the conduction of sound

Displacement of eyelash hair triggers which of the following?

blinking reflex

The epithelium covering the inner surface of the eyelids and the outer surface of the eye is called the ________.

conjunctiva

The ________ is avascular, and there are no blood vessels between this structure and the overlying conjunctiva

Cornea

In the eye, axons from ganglion cells converge on the ________

optic disc

The vitreous chamber is also known as the ________.

posterior cavity

Which of the following is a structure of the fibrous layer?

sclera

Which of the following is a function of the vascular layer of the eye?

provides a route for blood vessels and lymphatics supplying tissues of the eye

Which muscles, when contracted, decrease the diameter of the pupil?

Sphincter pupillae muscles

The ciliary zonule of the lens is a ring of fibers that attaches the lens to which structure(s)?

ciliary processes

Oxygen and nutrients are delivered to the outer portion of the retina by an extensive capillary network contained within the ________.

choroid

Which of the following structures contain the photoreceptors that respond to light?

neural layer

Which cell population is the only group of cells in the retina that generate action potentials to the brain?

ganglion cells

What is the function of the aqueous humor?

It provides an important route for nutrient and waste transport.

Which of the following functions listed below is the fibrous tunic of the eye NOT responsible for?

photoreception

Dysfunction in which of the following layers is responsible for the development of glaucoma?

vascular tunic

Why do you have a blind spot in each eye?

The axons of the ganglion cells converge in one spot to form the optic nerve.

Ernie is reading a book in his hand and looks up to view the television across the room. Which of the following is true regarding the lenses of his eyes?

They become flattened as tension on the suspensory ligaments is increased.

Identify the fluid filled space between the cornea and iris.

Anterior chamber

identify the structure that regulates the amount of light entering the posterior segment of the eye.

Iris

Identify the areas that are filled with aqueous humor.

The anterior and posterior chambers

True or False: The iris divides the eye into the anterior and posterior segments

False

true or false: The pupil can adjust its size independent of the iris.

false

Identify the parts of the fibrous layer.

Sclera and cornea

Identify the structure that allows light to first enter the eye.

cornea

Name the largest portion of the fibrous layer

Sclera

True or false: Only the fibrous layer can be observed in its entirety from the superficial surface of the cow eye

true

Which of the following is not part of the vascular layer of the eye?

sclera

The ciliary body __________.

is attached to the lens via suspensory ligaments

The muscular structure that surrounds the pupil is the __________.

iris

The area of eye with the greatest concentration of cones is the __________.

fovea centralis

All of the following are true of the aqueous humor EXCEPT __________.

it is only found in the anterior cavity of the eye

identify the muscular structure that anchors the lens in place.

Ciliary body

Where is the vitreous body located?

Posterior segment

Identify the neural layer.

retina

Which of the following structures is highly vascular?

Choroid

Which of the following regions is known as the blind spot?

optic disc

Identify the incorrect statement regarding the vitreous body.

Consists of a thin, watery fluid