Theories and Approaches in Language Education

These flashcards cover essential theories, approaches, and vocabulary related to English language education, focusing on major concepts from the lecture notes.

Behaviorism

A theory emphasizing habit formation and observable behaviors in language learning, often involving rote learning and interaction with the environment.

Innate facility

The instinctive ability or Language Acquisition Device (LAD) that humans are born with for acquiring language.

Constructivism

Learning theory that emphasizes the learner's active role in constructing knowledge through meaningful learning and intrinsic motivation.

Critical period hypothesis

The theory suggesting there is an optimal time for language acquisition, typically from childhood to adolescence.

Affective filter hypothesis

A theory stating that negative emotions such as anxiety can impede language acquisition, while a positive environment can help reduce this blockage.

Comprehensible Input Hypothesis

Stephen Krashen's theory that comprehensible input (i+1) is essential for language acquisition.

Interlanguage

A type of language that learners use, which contains elements of their first language and shows a developmental progression in language learning.

Sociocultural Theory

Lev Vygotsky's theory emphasizing the social context of learning and the role of cultural tools in cognitive development.

Natural Order Hypothesis

The idea that all learners acquire language in a similar sequence and order.

Cognitive strategies

Techniques used by learners to process information more effectively, including memory aids and organization of knowledge.

Form-focused instruction

Teaching methods that draw attention to linguistic forms (grammar and vocabulary) within a communicative context.

Extrinsic motivation

Motivation driven by external factors such as rewards or grades, as opposed to intrinsic motivation driven by personal satisfaction.

Negation strategies

Techniques that learners use to resolve communication breakdowns, which may include clarification requests and comprehension checks.

Skill acquisition theory

A model explaining how learners progress from initial learning stages to advanced proficiency in language skills.

Auditory learner

A learner who prefers to learn through hearing and listening.

Visual learner

A learner who learns best through seeing visual aids and images.

Haptic learner

A learner who learns through touch and physical engagement in learning activities.

Social emotional learning

The process of developing emotional intelligence and interpersonal skills, essential for effective communication.

Authenticity in materials

The degree to which language materials reflect real-world usage and meaningful communication.

Concept-based instruction

An educational approach focused on understanding underlying concepts rather than memorizing rules or vocabulary.

Task-based instruction

An instructional approach where learners engage in meaningful tasks that use the target language to achieve specific outcomes.

Communicative competence

The ability to use language effectively and appropriately in real-life communication settings.

Collocation

A predictable combination of words that are commonly used together in a language.