ob exam 4 missed topics

testes should descend by … weeks

32

ultrasound appearance of hydrops (6)

polyhydramnios, anasarca, placental thickening, fluid in cavities, enlarged cord, enlarged liver or spleen

indications for chromosome analysis (3)

advanced maternal age, previous child with defect, parent history

biochemical markers: taken at weeks…-…, except…, which is take at …-… weeks`

16-18, pappa, 11-14

pappa stands for…, inc/dec in t21

pregnancy associated plasma protein, decreased

quad bio marker test: decreased labs in chromo abn ; increased

afp, estriol; hcg, inhibin a

noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) / prenatal cell free dna: tests the mother’s …, screens for (3), performed (4)

blood, trisomies, gender, rh, 35+, abnormal quad, abnormal ultrasound, history

t21 ultrasound: 4 head, 1 neck, 2 thorax, 1 abdomen, 3 limbs, 2 non ultrasound features

brachycephaly, choroid cyst, no nasal bone, macroglossia, increased much translucency and fold, avsd, left ventricle echogenic foci, duodenal atresia, pinky clinodactyly, short femurs, sandle gap toe, mental handicap, simian crease

t 31: cns anomalies (2), gi, urinary (2), skeletal (2), cord

holoprosencephaly, agenesis of corpus callosum, omphalocele, renal dysplasia, duplicated kidney, polydactyly, rockerbottom, 2 vc

t. 18 hands (2), … hydramnios, head, cord

clenched, pointer clinodactyly, oligo, strawberry, 2 vic

tuner’s syndrome: heart rate, ultrasound (3), adult appearance (3)

tachycardia, cystic hygroma, iugr, hydrops, short, lymphedema, gonad dysgenesis

beckwith-wiedemann: 3 ultrasound signs

omphalocele, macroglossia, gigantism

early heart: … into l & r atria, … into l ventricle, … into r ventricle and pulmonary trunk, … into aortic arch, … into CT and valves

primitive atrium, primitive ventricle, bulbous cordis, turncus arteriosus, fibrous skeleton

atrial septal defects (ASD): 4 types ; which isn’t seen on US

septum primum and secundum, endocardial cushion area, sinus venosus defects, coronary sinus-septal; coronary sinus-septal

septum primum/secundum: valve appearance, sign

horizontally level, common atrium

ventricular septal defects (vsd): 4 locations

inlet, membranous, muscular, outlet

tentrology of fallout: 4 anomalies, 4 chamber appearance, d arteriosus flow

sub aortic ventricular septal defects, misaligned and dilated aorta, pulmonary artery narrowing, right ventricle hypertrophy, normal, to fro or reversed

hypoplastic ventricles: left sided consequence, right side consequence

reverse foramen ovale, reversed d venosus flow

bradycardia/heart block: 1st degree…, 2nd…, 3rd

slow conduction, some conduction failure, atria and ventricles beat independently

ductus venosus: peak velocity

50