Pulmonary Function Testing Flashcards

Flashcards based on lecture notes for pulmonary function testing review.

What does Pulmonary Function Testing (PFT) commonly include?

Spirometry, Static lung volume measurements, Diffusing capacity studies, Mechanical properties of the lungs and thorax, Airway resistance and compliance, and Assess airway hyperresponsiveness

What is the purpose of PFT?

• Determine causes of dyspnea,

• Differentiate between obstructive and restrictive lung disease,

• Assess severity of pulmonary disease

• Assess treatment response

• Follow course of a disease

• Preoperative assessment

What are the two general types of measuring devices for PFT equipment?

Those that measure volume (spirometers) and those that measure flow (pneumotachometers).

What three general principles should be considered for tests of pulmonary function?

Test sensitivity and specificity, Validity (accuracy), and Reliability (reproducibility).

What are the lung Volumes?

• Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV),

• Tidal Volume (Vt),

• Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV),

• Residual Volume (RV)

What are the lung Capacities?

• Total Lung Capacity (TLC),

• Functional Residual Capacity (FRC),

• Inspiratory Capacity (IC),

• Vital Capacity (VC)

Define Tidal Volume (VT)

Volume of air inhaled or exhaled during each normal breath

Define Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

Maximal volume of air that can be inhaled over and above the inspired tidal volume

Define Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

Maximal volume of air that can be exhaled after exhaling a normal tidal breath

Define Residual Volume (RV)

Volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation

Define Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

Maximal volume of air in the lungs at the end of a maximal inhalation (sum of RV + VT + ERV + RV)

Define Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)

Volume of air present in the lung at end-expiration during tidal breathing (sum of RV + ERV)

Define Inspiratory Capacity (IC)

Maximal volume of air that can be inhaled from the resting end-expiratory level (sum of IRV + VT)

Define Vital Capacity (VC)

Maximal volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inhalation (sum of IC + VT + ERV)

What is the normal range for minute volume?

5 to 10 L/min

What is Slow vital capacity (SVC)?

Patient gently but fully exhales from a maximal inspiration

What is Forced vital capacity (FVC)?

Patient forcefully empties the lungs from a maximal inspiration

What does Spirometry tests?

Tests of pulmonary mechanics

What measurements are made during FVC maneuver?

Forced vital capacity (FVC), Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), Other forced expiratory flow measurements, Maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV).

To ensure validity how many FVC maneuvers must each patient perform?

each patient must perform at least three acceptable FVC maneuvers

What are the two largest values of FVC and FEV1 that are acceptable?

The two largest values of FVC must be within 0.150 L of each other, and The two largest values of FEV1 must be within 0.150 L of each other

What is FVC? What is the percentage of predicted?

Forced vital capacity. (80%-120%)

What is FEV1? What is the percentage predicted?

Maximal volume exhaled during 1st second of expiration. (80% to 120%)

What is FEV3

Volume of air exhaled during the first 3 seconds of a forced exhalation after a deep inhalation

What is a (FEV1/FVC) ratio?

ratio compares the amount of air exhaled in 1 second with the total amount exhaled during an FVC maneuver

What is FEF25% to 75%?

Used to evaluate the status of medium-to-small airways in obstructive lung disorders

What is the Primary abnormality in obstructive disease?

increased airways resistance

What is the Primary problem in restrictive disease?

decrease in either lung compliance or lung volumes or both

In an obstructive disorder what happens to FVC, FEV1, AND FEV1%?

FEV1 and FEV1% are decreased, The FVC is often normal

In restrictive disorder what happens to FVC, FEV1, AND FEV1%?

FVC and FEV1 are decreased, FEV1% is normal or increased

What is PEF (peak expiratory flow)?

Maximum flow rate achieved during FVC maneuver

What is the Green zone Asthma action plans?

80% to 100% of personal best

What is the Yellow zone Asthma action plans?

50% to 80%

What is the Red zone Asthma action plans?

<50% = urgent physician intervention

How do you test Bronchodilator Responsiveness?

Spirometry can be performed before and after bronchodilator administration to determine the reversibility of airway obstruction

What is Bronchodilator Positive response?

↑ FEV1 or FCV by ≥ 12% and ≥ 200ml

What is Maximal Voluntary Ventilation (MVV)?

Patient breathes as rapidly and deeply as possible for 12 to 15 s