marine biology 2 redo

virus

non-cellular particles containing nucleic acid but unable to reproduce unless infecting living cells

prokaryote

an organism made up of cells with a cell wall, cell membrane, lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

microbial loop

the process where viruses infect bacteria and microbes that form phytoplankton, which eventually burst and release DOM that is eaten by bacteria and microbes, which is eaten by zooplankton and can reach small fish and whales

metagenomics

the study of nucleic acids from environmental samples, including the identification of new species and interactions between species

stromatolite

massive calcareous skeletons formed by cyanobacteria

frustule

the siliceous, box-like cell wall of diatoms

zooxanthellae

dinoflagellates that live within the tissues of reef corals and other marine animals

pseudopodia

a thin or blunt extension of the cytoplasm

lichen

the symbiotic association between fungi and green algae or cyanobacteria

bacteria

cyanobacteria domain

eukarya

protista domain

protista

diatom kingdom

protista

dinoflagellate kingdom

protista

foraminiferan kingdom

protista

radiolarian kingdom

protista

ciliate kingdom

eukarya

fungi domain

virus

capsid of protein, sometimes lipids

virus

infect all marine organisms, release dissolved organic matter from destroyed cells

bacteria

prokaryotic, unicellular, some form colonies

bacteria

cell wall of peptidoglycan containing muramic acid, chains of amino sugars

bacteria

essential role in nutrient cycles (autotrophs, heterotrophs, nitrogen fixers), components of detritus, some cause diseases, symbiotic in many organisms, some produce blooms

archaea

prokaryotic, unicellular

archaea

cell wall made up of variety of compounds but no muramic acid

archaea

autotrophs, heterotrophs, nitrogen fixers

diatoms

eukaryotic, unicellular, some form chains, mostly planktonic

diatoms

cell membrane secretes frustules of silica, pectin

diatoms

important primary producers, frustules are components of siliceous sediments

dinoflagellates

eukaryotic, unicellular, 2 flagella, mostly planktonic, some bottom-dwelling

dinoflagellates

cell membrane secretes cellulose plates (thecae)

dinoflagellates

primary producers, symbiotic with other organisms as zooxanthellae, red tides, many are bioluminescent, some cause diseases

foraminiferans

eukaryotic, unicellular, bottom-dwelling, planktonic

foraminiferans

cell membrane secretes calcium carbonate shell (test)

foraminiferans

heterotrophs, tests are components of calcareous sediments

radiolarians

eukaryotic, unicellular, some colonial, mostly planktonic

radiolarians

cell membrane secretes silica skeleton

radiolarians

heterotrophs, skeletons are components of siliceous sediments

ciliates

eukaryotic, unicellular, planktonic, bottom-dwelling

ciliates

cell membrane made up mostly of lipids

ciliates

heterotrophs, some associated with marine animals

fungi

eukaryotic, unicellular or multicellular, mostly bottom-dwelling

fungi

cell wall of chitin and other compounds

fungi

decomposers, many cause diseases, symbiotic with algae or cyanobacteria in lichens

virus

archaea

bacteria

diatoms

dinoflagellates

foraminiferans

radiolarians

ciliates

thallus

the complete body of a seaweed

blade

the leaf-like portion of the thallus of a seaweed

stipe

the stem-like portion of the thallus of seaweed

hold-fast

the root-like portion of the thallus of a seaweed

pneumatocyst

a gas-filled bladder in seaweeds

phycobilins

red algae pigment

fucoxanthin

brown algae pigment

rhodophyta

rhodophyta

eukaryotic, protists, multicellular, bottom-dwelling, alternation of three generations

rhodophyta

produce agar and carageenan for human use

rhodophyta

primary producers, coralline algae are important sources of calcareous deposits in coral reefs

chlorophyta

chlorophyta

eukaryotic protists, unicellular and multicellular, mostly bottom-dwelling, some planktonic, alternation of generations in many

chlorophyta

primary producers, calcareous algae are important sources of calcareous deposits in coral reefs

phaeophyta

phaeophyta

eukaryotic protists, multicellular, bottom-dwelling, alternation of generations present in some

phaeophyta

produces algin for human use

phaeophyta

primary producers, dominant components of kelp forests

seagrasses

saltmarsh

mangrove

seagrasses, saltmarsh plants, mangroves

eukaryotic plants, multicellular, bottom-dwelling, alternation of dominant sporophyte and minute male and female gametophytes

seagrasses, saltmarsh plants, mangroves

dominant primary producers, nursery grounds for many species, help stabilize soft bottoms, protect coast from turbulence, food for many species in the form of detritus

radial symmetry

symmetry where equal parts radiate out from a central point

bilateral symmetry

symmetry where an organism can be divided into right an left halves that are more or less equal

asymmetry

having no symmetry

biradial symmetry

symmetry of comb jellies

oral

side with mouth

aboral

the opposite side without the mouth

anterior

the front of the organism

posterior

the back of the organism

dorsal

the top of the organism

ventral

the bottom of the organism

sessile

an organism that lives attached to the bottom or to a surface

suspension feeder

an animal that feeds on particles suspended in the water

filter feeder

a suspension feeder that actively filters food particles

deposit feeder

an animal that feeds on organic matter that settles on the bottom

osculum

a large opening in many sponges

ostia

tiny pores on the surface of sponges that allow water to enter and circulate

choanocyte

a flagellated, food-trapping cell of sponges

spicule

any of the small calcareous or siliceous bodies embedded among the cells of sponges to provide structure

spongin

the resistant fibers of sponges

amebocyte

wandering cells that secrete spicules and spongin and transport and store food particles

porocyte

the tube-like cell of sponges that forms ostia

pinacocyte

the flat cells on the outer surface of sponges

broadcast spawning

the release of gametes into the water

epidermis

the external layer of cells that form the body wall of cnidarians

mesoglea

the layer between the epidermis and gastrodermis in cnidarians

gastrodermis

the layer of cells that lines the gut in cnidarians