AP Bio Unit 1 - Functional Groups + Amino Acids
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30 Terms
what are functional groups?
groups of atoms within molecules that determine the chemical behavior of organic molecules
hydroxyl
OH (sometimes written as HO)
carbonyl
CO
carboxyl
COOH
amino
NH2 or NH3
Sulfhydryl
SH
Phosphate
PO4
Methyl
CH3
are all functional groups polar?
no
which functional groups are polar?
hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, sulfhydryl, amino, phosphate
what functional group is nonpolar?
methyl
what determines the reactive properties of an amino acid?
the side “r” chain
what functional group is being shown?
hydroxyl
what functional group is being shown?
carbonyl
what functional group is being shown?
carboxyl
what functional group is being shown?
sulfhydryl
what functional group is being shown?
amino
what functional group is being shown?
phosphate
what functional group is being shown?
methyl
how many amino acids are there?
20 essential amino acids
what is the structure of an amino acid?
central carbon, carboxyl group, amino group, side r chain
what is the purpose of the side r chain?
makes each amino acid different; determines properties and function of amino acid (properties of amino acid determines how protein folds, and therefore determines the protein’s function)
how are amino acids bonded?
by a peptide bond
how is the directionality of amino acids determined?
by the c-terminus and n-terminus
what is the c-terminus?
the carboxyl group on the amino acid
what is the n-terminus?
the amino group on the amino acid
how does dehydration synthesis happen to form peptide bonds between amino acids?
the c-terminus of one amino acid loses a hydroxyl group and the n-terminus of the other amino acid loses a hydrogen, removing a water molecule, creating the peptide bond
label the parts of the amino acid
if the amino acid has a polar side r chain, what does it indicate about the amino acid?
the amino acid is hydrophilic, so the amino acid will fold towards the outside of the protein (in aqueous solution)
if the amino acid has a nonpolar side r chain, what does it indicate about the amino acid?
the amino acid is hydrophobic, so the amino acid will fold towards the inside of the protein (in aqueous solution)