Functional Groups

Alkane

Alkane

Single bond C to C

Alkene

C to C double bond

Alkyne

triple bond C to C

Benzene/Aromatic

Carbon ring with 3 double bonds

Alcohols

C to OH

Ethers

O between two C

Amines

C to N

carbonyl

C double bond to O
not a functional group

Aldehyde

carbonyl to C and H

Ketone

Carbonyl connected to two C

Carboxylic Acid

Carbonyl connected to OH & C

Ester

O between carbonyl and a C

Amide

Carbonyl to N

Ether vs Ester

Ether has C on EITHER side
Ester (Easter) has a O (egg) on one side

Amine vs Amide

Amine connected to N

Amide has a carbonyl group like carboxylic acid