Methods of Social Psychology Hindsight Bias- tendency to be overconfident about whether they could have predicted a given outcome; tendency to over

What is Hindsight Bias in social psychology?

The tendency to be overconfident about whether one could have predicted a given outcome; overestimating common sense.

What is a Theory in social psychology?

A set of propositions intended to describe some phenomena or aspects of the world, supported by empirical evidence.

What is Cognitive Dissonance?

The discomfort one feels when their actions do not align with how they view the world.

What is the difference between Basic Research and Applied Research?

Basic research seeks to understand phenomena in its own right, while applied research focuses on solving real-world problems.

What is the purpose of Statistical Methods in social psychology?

To test whether data are consistent with a theory.

What is a Hypothesis?

A prediction about what will happen under specific circumstances.

What does Correlational Research involve?

Research that examines the relationship between variables without random assignment.

What is a third variable problem?

A situation where an unmeasured variable causes both variables being studied.

What is the purpose of Experimental Research?

To determine causality by systematically controlling and manipulating events.

What are Independent and Dependent Variables?

The independent variable (IV) is hypothesized to cause an outcome, while the dependent variable (DV) is affected by the IV.

What is random assignment?

Assigning participants to different groups randomly to ensure equal chance of being in any condition.

What does Internal Validity refer to?

The confidence that only the manipulated variable produced the results in experimental research.

What is Informed Consent?

Participants' willingness to participate in a study after learning all relevant aspects of it.

What is the role of Deception in research?

To mislead participants about the purpose or nature of the study.

What are the main characteristics of a model culture of honor as observed in the South and West?

Acceptance of violence as justified, higher homicide rates, and culturally sanctioned responses to insults.

What ethical considerations must researchers take into account before conducting a study?

They must gain IRB approval and ensure informed consent is obtained from participants.

What does External Validity refer to?

The extent to which research findings can be generalized to real-world situations.

What is measurement validity?

The degree to which a research measure accurately reflects what it intends to measure.

How do media representations influence perceptions of violence?

They can either stigmatize violent acts or present them as justified, affecting cultural norms.

What factors contribute to the persistence of a culture of honor?

Social stigma for violent acts and media portrayals influencing public perception.