Phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms)

What kind of symetery?

Bilateral Symmetry

What do they have as their head?

Cephalization

• Distinct Front

• Sensory Organ

What kind of cell layers?

Triploblastic

• Ectoderm

• Mesoderm

• Endoderm

What kind of skeleton?

Hydrostatic Skeleton

What kind of nervous system?

Cerebral Ganglia

• Lateral and Transverse Nerve Cords

What does it lack?

It lacks a cavity containing the internal organs (acoelomate) instead it is imbedded in the mesoderm

How do they reproduce?

Monoecious

How do they reproduce Asexually?

• Fission

• Regeneration

How do they reproduce Sexually?

Cross-Fertilization

Class Turbellaria (Planarians) - How do they survive?

Found in Fresh Water and are free-living carnivores

Class Turbellaria (Planarians) - What do they have as sensory organs?

Auricles (structure like an ear) and oceili (simple eyes)

Class Turbellaria (Planarians) - What kind of muscles?

Long and Circular Muscles

Class Turbellaria (Planarians) - What kind of digestion?

Incomplete Digestion

• Muscular Pharynx and Intestines

Class Turbellaria (Planarians) - How do they reproduce Asexually?

Fission

Class Turbellaria (Planarians) - How do they reproduce Sexually?

Penis-fencing

• They have a genital pore and penis

Class Trematoda (Flukes) - What are they?

Parasite

Class Trematoda (Flukes) - How do they eat?

Using 2 suckers that attach/move

• Pharynx and Intestines

Class Trematoda (Flukes) - What excretory organ do they have?

Protonephiridia that consists of “Flame Cells”

Class Trematoda (Flukes) - What kind of skin do they have?

Tegument (Tough living outer covering that replaces typical skin)

Class Trematoda (Flukes) - How do they reproduce?

Monoecious

Class Trematoda (Flukes) Clonorchis - Where can they be found?

Human Liver

Class Trematoda (Flukes) Schistosoma - Where can they be found?

Human Blood

• Dioecious

• Gynaecophoric Canal (Long longitudinal groove on belly)

Class Trematoda (Flukes) Fasciola - Where can they be found?

Sheep liver

Class Cestoda (Tapeworm) - What are they?

Parasites that have no digestion

Class Cestoda (Tapeworm) - What do they have as skin?

Tegument

Class Cestoda (Tapeworm) - What kind of body do they have?

Strobila (long segmented body)

Class Cestoda (Tapeworm) - What kind of head do they have?

Scolex (head of a tapeworm with specialized organs like hooks and suckers

Class Cestoda (Tapeworm) - How do they reproduce?

Proglottids (Each segment contains it’s own reproductive system and can break off and looks like rice-like segment)

• Self-Fertilization

• Cross Fertilization

Class Cestoda (Tapeworm) - What is an example?

Taenia Pisiformes

Phylum Nematoda (Roundworms) - What are they?

Parasites can be found in fresh and salt water and in soil

Phylum Nematoda (Roundworms) - What kind of body do they have?

Pseudocoelomate (fluid-filled body cavity called a pseudocoel, which is not completely lined by mesoderm)

Phylum Nematoda (Roundworms) - What kind of Skeleton?

Hydrostatic Skeleton

Phylum Nematoda (Roundworms) - What kind of Cell Layers?

Triploblastic

Phylum Nematoda (Roundworms) - What kind of digestion?

Complete Digestion

Phylum Nematoda (Roundworms) - Symmetry?

Bilateral Symmetry

Phylum Nematoda (Roundworms) - What kind of skin do they have?

Cuticle (Tough flexible exoskeleton that is primarily made up of cross-linked collagen)

Phylum Nematoda (Roundworms) - What kind of muscles?

Longitudinal Muscles

Phylum Nematoda (Roundworms) - What kind of reproduction?

Dioecious (Mostly)

• Spicule (paired, needle-like, chitinous copulatory organs found in males, used to grasp the female's vulva during mating to hold it open and facilitate sperm transfer)

• Genital Pore (the external opening for the reproductive system)

Phylum Nematoda (Roundworms) Ascaris Lumbricoides - Facts?

“Giant Intestinal Roundworm”

• 25% Worldwide

• Resilient Eggs (250,000 per day)

• Poor sanitation

Phylum Nematoda (Roundworms) Necator Americanus - Facts?

“Hookworm”

• Dogs → Humans

• 28,000 Eggs per day

Phylum Nematoda (Roundworms) Enterobius Vermicularis - Facts?

“Pinworms”

• Eggs → Anus → Night

• Common in U.S.

• 16,000 Eggs per day

Phylum Nematoda (Roundworms) Trichina - Facts?

Pigs → Humans

Larvae encyst (Invade skeletal muscle after hatching to form protective cysts)

What organism is this?

Planarians

What organism is this?

Clonorchis (Liver Fluke)

What organism is this?

Schistosoma (Human Blood Fluke)

What organism is this?

Fasciola

What organism is this?

Taenia Pisiformes

What organism is this?

Ascaris Lumbricoides (Giant Intestinal Roundworm)

What organism is this?

Necator Americanus (Hook Worm)

What organism is this?

Enterobius Vermicularis (Pinworm)

What organism is this?

Trichina