cell divison test

Asexual Reproduction

One parent cell produces identical daughter cells.

Sexual Reproduction

Two parents create genetically diverse offspring.

Surface Area to Volume Ratio

Smaller cells have better material transport efficiency.

Prokaryotic Chromosomes

Less DNA, circular, simpler structure.

Eukaryotic Chromosomes

More DNA, organized, contained within a nucleus.

Chromosomes

Condensed DNA strands; humans have 23 pairs.

Chromatin

Less condensed DNA during interphase.

Sister Chromatid

Identical copies of the same DNA.

Centromere

Region where sister chromatids are attached.

Cell Cycle

Series of events for cell growth and division.

Interphase

Longest phase; includes G1, S, and G2 phases.

G1 Phase

Cell grows and prepares for DNA replication.

S Phase

DNA replication occurs, creating identical chromosome copies.

G2 Phase

Further cell growth and preparation for mitosis.

Mitosis

Division of the nucleus into two nuclei.

Cytokinesis

Division of cytoplasm into two daughter cells.

Cell Cycle Checkpoints

Regulatory points to assess cell cycle progression.

Cyclin

Proteins that regulate the cell cycle.

Apoptosis

Programmed cell death for damaged cells.

Meiosis

Produces four genetically different haploid cells.

Homologous Chromosomes

Pairs of chromosomes with similar structure and genes.

Haploid Cells

Cells with one set of chromosomes.

Diploid Cells

Cells with two complete sets of chromosomes.

Crossing Over

Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes.