Health Final Exam

Malpractice

Failure by a health professional to meet accepted standards Ex) operating on the wrong side of the body

Preventative Care

Can help detect or prevent serious diseases and injury’s.

Premium

Monthly or yearly fee members pay to have insurance plan.

Health Consumer

Anyone who purchases or uses health products or services.

Advertising

The public promotion of a product or service

Behavior

The choices you make and actions you take

Attitude

A settled way of thinking that reflects a person’s behavior

Heredity

Refers to biological traits passed from parent to child

Personality

Consists of behaviors, atitudes, feelings and ways of thinking that make you an individual

Aerobic Exercise

Any activity that uses large muscle groups, is rhythmic in nature, and can be maintained continuously for at least 10 minutes three times a day for 20 to 30 minutes at one time

Anaerobic Exercise

Intense short bursts of activity in which the muscles work so hard that they produce energy without using oxygen

Hypothermia

So cold you could die

Metabolism

The chemical process by which your body breaks down food for energy

Calories

Amount of energy that is released when nutrients are broken down

Carbohydrates

Ex) Simple- Cookies, Candy, Soft Drinks, Complex- Whole Wheats, Vegetables, Seeds. Should make up 45-65%

Proteins

Ex) Rice, Fish, Eggs. Should make up 10-35%

Fats

Ex) Unsaturated- Vegetable Oil, Nuts, Seeds, Saturated - Animal Fats, Dairy. Should make up 20-35%

Processed Foods

Often high in calories and low in nutrients, ex-HFCS

Trans Fats

Used to preserve foods so they last longer

Carcinogen

A substance capable of causing cancer in living tissue

Carbon Monoxide

An odorless, poisonous gas that is released when tobacco is burned

Addictive Drug

A disease that causes people to lose control of the drug use

Drug Abuse

Is when a drug is intentionally used improperly and unsafely

Drug Misuse

Is improper usage of medicines

Overdose

A dangerous dose of a drug

Reward Pathway- dopamine

When neurons release dopamine o make you feel pleasure

Intoxication

The state in which a person’s mental and physical abilities are impaired by alcohol or another substance

Withdrawal

Physical or mental symptoms that occur after stopping taking a drug

Psychoactive drug

A mood-altering drug, a chemical that effects brain activity and affects the central nervous system

Nicotine

A natural insecticide that is produced to protect the plants leaves from insects

Stimulant

A substance that raises levels in the central nervous system

Tar

A dark, sticky substance that forms when tobacco is burned

Communicable diseases

Caused by organisms or viruses that enter and multiply within the human body

Non-communicabla diseases

Chronic levels that do not result from an infectious process

Pathogen (Bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoan)

An organism that can enter the human body, multiply, and cause disease

Hypertension

High blood pressure, “silent killer”, can lead to heart disease but can be controlled through behavioral changes and medication. Normal is less than 120/80 mm.

Atherisclerosis

Fatty substance, including cholesterol build up inside the artery walls, deposits cause the artery walls to be thin and narrow, causes include diet of saturated fats, family history, smoking, diabetes, and more

Arrhythmias

Change in the regular beat in the heart, can be a result of heart attack

Stroke

When arterial blockage interrupts the flow of blood to the brain

Physical Health

How well your body functions. Typically, what we think of when we think healthy

Mental Health

How well you are able to process and cope with challenging situations

Social Health

How well you are able to get along with others

Spiritual Health

How well you are able to find a deeper meaning in your existence

Character

The mental and moral qualities distinctive to an individual

Autonomy

Being self-governed

Communication

The imparting or exchanging of information or news

Compromise

The willingness of each person to give up something in order to reach agreement

Cooperation

Working together towards a common goal

Socialization

The activity of mixing socially with others

Friendship

A relationship based on mutual trust, acceptance, and common interests or values

Peer Pressure

A need to conform the expectations of the tight circle of friends

Intimacy

Sexual vs emotional refers to openness, sharing, affection, and trust that can develop in a relationship

Sedentary

Someone inactive

Personality

Consists of the behaviors, attitudes, feelings, and ways of thinking that make you an individual

Emotions

Primary vs Learned

Primary Emotions

Emotions that are expressed by people in all cultures. Happiness, anger, sadness, fear.

Learned Emotions

Emotional not expressed in the same way by all people. Love, guilt, shame.

Resilience

The ability to bounce back from extreme or prolonged stress

Self-esteem

How much you respect yourself and like yourself

Mental disorder

Conditions that affect thinking, feeling, mood, and behavior

Stress

The reaction of the body and mind to being challenged or threatened

Anxiety

Fear caused by a source you can’t identify, or a source that does not pose as much threat as you think

Abstinence

Avoiding harmful behaviors, including the use of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs and sexual activity before marriage

HIV

Is a virus that targets and alters the immune system, increasing the risk and impacts of others infections and diseases

AIDS

Stage 3 HIVs

Cancer

Group of diseases that involves that rapid, uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells

Tumor

Cancer cells typically form a mass of tissue

Benign

Noncancerous

Malignant

Cancerous

Cardiovascular disease

Most common chronic diseases, diseases of the heart and blood vessels

Arthritis

2 types - Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis - results in joint stiffness, joint pain, or swelling in one or more joints

Asthma

A disorder in which a person’s respiratory passages become inflamed and narrow significantly in reaction to “triggers”

How do you evaluate a source of health information?

Is the source or author qualified? ; Bias (are they trying to sell the product) ; Do other reliable sources reach the same conclusion? ; Date of information

Understand how to read food labels and understand how ingredients are listed.

Based on weight

What are the different types of eating disorders?

Anorexia, bulimia, binge eating

Anorexia Nervosa

Does not eat enough food to maintain a healthy body weight

Symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa

Extreme Weight Loss, Slowed Heart-Rate and breathing weight, dry skin, and lower body temperature

Health risks of Anorexia Nervosa

Can starve to death, or does not have enough minerals to keep the heart going

Treatments for Anorexia Nervosa

Hospitalization and pyschotherapy

Bulimia

People go on uncontrollable eating binges followed by removing food after

Symptoms of Bulimia

Unable to control how much you eat, eating in private, throwing food up purposefully

Health risks of Bulimia

Dehydration, kidney damage, and lack of vitamins

Treatments for Bulimia

Encourage these people to seek professional help, therapy

Binge Eating Disorder

Regularly having uncontrollable urges to eat large amounts

Symptoms of Binge Eating Disorder

Cannot stop eating even when full

Health risks of Binge Eating Disorder

Excess weight gain, and unhealthy dieting

Treatments for Binge Eating Disorder

Therapy

What are food additives, hydrogenated oils, high-fructose corn syrup

Are added to food to increase flavor and preserve

Different element of physical fitness

Cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, body composition

Cardiovascular Endurance

The ability of the heart, lungs, blood vessels to utilize and send fuel and oxygen to the body tissues during long-periods of moderate to vigorous activity

Muscular Strength

The amount of force a muscle can exert

Muscular Endurance

The ability of the muscles to perform physical tasks over a period of time without become fatigued

Flexibility

The ability to move a body part through a full range of motion

Body Composition

The ratio of lean body fat to lean body tissue, including muscle, bone, water and connective tissue such as ligaments, cartilage, and tendons.

Hypothermia

Warm the person slowly, so cold you could die

Heat Stroke

Cool the person as quickly as possible, when having a stroke caused by the sun

Heat Exhaustion

When in sun for too long without water

Frostbite

When parts of your body turn other colors because it is so cold

The terms associated with different types of advertising

Scientific studies, slogans & jingles, bandwagon approach, testimonial, comparison, emotional appeal

Scientific Studies

Scientific tests that prove the product is effective