Skeletal Muscle Contraction and Bone Tissue

These flashcards cover key terminologies and concepts related to skeletal muscle contraction, bone tissue, and physiological mechanisms involved in muscle physiology.

Sarcromere

The distance from one Z disc to another Z disc; it shortens during muscle contraction.

Periosteum

The connective tissue surrounding each muscle fascicle.

Canaculi

Small channels through which osteocytes and compact bone tissue communicate and send signals.

Greenstick fracture

A type of fracture characterized by a partial break in the bone, bending it.

Endochondrial Ossification

The process of bone tissue formation that develops from a cartilage template.

Osteon

The anatomical unit of compact bone.

Calcitonin

A hormone released by the thyroid gland that helps lower blood calcium levels.

Titin

A protein that composes elastic filaments in muscle.

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum of a muscle cell that stores calcium ions.

Acetylcholine

The primary neurotransmitter responsible for triggering muscle contraction.

Troponin

A protein that, when bound by calcium, causes a conformational change to expose myosin binding sites.

Myogloben

A red pigment in muscle cells that stores oxygen.

Power Stroke

The action during muscle contraction when the myosin head pulls the actin filaments.

Cations and anions

The electrical potential difference across the muscle cell membrane is due to the movement of these ions.

Rigor mortis

A condition resulting from depletion of ATP leading to muscle stiffness.

Troponin and tropomyosin

Proteins involved in blocking the myosin binding site during muscle contraction.

Sliding Filament Theory

The theory that explains muscle contraction as the sliding of actin over myosin filaments.