Module 12 mycology

Ergosterol

Found in cell membrane of fungi that contribute to antibiotic resistance

Hypha

Multinucleated structural unit of fungo

Pier Antonio Micheli

Father of mycology

Mycelium

Mass of hypha forming the vegetative portion

Coenocytic / aseptate

type of hypha with no crosswalls

Septate

hypha with crosswalls

Haustoria

hyphae that penetrate host tissue

Saphrophytic fungi

fungi that absorb dead material

Parasitic fungi

fungi that absorb host

Mutualistic fungi

absorb host but reciprocate

Plasmogamy

union of cytoplasm

Karyogamy

haploid nuclei fusion

Mycelial fragmentation

Mycelium seperate into pieces each growing seperately

Budding

bulge on side, nucleus divide mitotically and detaches

Ascospore

Sexual spore that contain 8 spores in a sac called ascus

Basidiospore

sexual Spore with club shaped structure

Zygospore

Thick walled spore of phycomycetes and zygomyccetes

Arthroconidia

asexual spore via hyphal fragmentation of coccidiodes immitis

Blastoconidia

asexual budding spore of candida albicans

Chlamydioconidia

Thick walled spore w/ storage

Macroconidia

Large multi cell conidia of dermatophytes

Microconidia

small conidia of dermatophytes

Phialconidia

Conidia from phialides

Sporangiospores & Zygospore

spores of zygomycetes

Thallospore

spore on thallus of deuteromycetes

Chromoblastomycosis

Skin lesion w/ sclerotic bodies, cauliflower appearance

Chromoblastomycosis

Caused by dematiaceous molds (black)

Myccetoma

Swollen lesion, granules w/ dead organism and pus

Mycetoma

Caused by pseudoallescheria or actinomycetes

Candida spp.

4th leading nosocomial infection

Occular candidiasis

white cottonball like lesion of retina

Hepatosplenic candidiasis

Multifocal abscesses in liver and spleen of immunocompromised patients

Cryptococcus neoformans

Encapsulated yeast with melanin synthesis, found in pigeon feces

Phylum zygomycota

zygospore and sporangiospore w/o ccorsswall, also called bread mold, e.g Rhizopus and Mucor

Phylum Ascomycota

sac fungi that includes truffles, mostly human pathogens

Phylum Basidiomycota

Produce Basidiospore and conidiospore and is a long lived dikaryotic mycelia, it is also club shaped

Phylum Deuteromycota

baker’s yeast, also called fungi imperfecti

30c for 30 days

Incubation and temp of fungi

Mycosel

media for dermatophytes

Sabouraud dextrose agar

selective media for fungi

Histoplasma capsulatum

infection of reticuloendothelial resulting in patchy bronchopneumonia

Acute pulmonary histoplasmosis

Myaglia,anorexia,pleuritic chest pain and swollen lymphnodes with patchy infiltrates

Chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis

associated w/ preexising lung disease characterized by dyspena, chest pain, fatigue and weight loss

Coccidiodes immitis

white fluffy mold at 25-30 c cultured organism

Coccidiodes immitis

fatigue, cough, dyspnea and myalgia

skin

most common disseminated site of coccidiodes immitis

knee

most common site of coccidiodes immitis in terms of joints and bones

Blastomyces dermatitidis

hyphae with microconida and thick walled broad based budding yeast

Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis

xtra pulmonary disease in adults characterized by oropharyngeal mucosa and regional lymph nodes

Talaromyces marneffei

resemble H. capsulatum with red soluble pigment

Aspergillus spp.

septate hyphae with branching angle at 45

Aspergilloma

colonization of lung cavity characterized by fungus ball

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis

vascular invasion, infraction and cavitation of immunosupressed and neutropenia

Rhinocerebral/facial mucormycosis

infection of paranasal sinuses extending to etmoid