Studied by 6 peoplespeaker
person or group who creates a text
subject
the topic, not the purpose
audience
the listener, viewer, or reader of a text or performance
context
the circumstances, atmospheres, attitudes, and events surrounding a text
exigence
the time and place a speech is given
purpose
the goal the speaker wants to acheive
persona
the difference between who is in real life and the role the speaker plays while delivering the speech
logos
appeal to reason by offering clear, rational ideas
syllogism
logical reasoning from inarguable premises
premise
statements offered as reasons to support a conclusion
conclusion
the end result of the argument â the main point being made
enthymeme
a conclusion drawn that omits a major/minor premise
pathos
an appeal to emotions, values, desires, and hopes or fears and prejudices
ethos
speaker demonstrates he/she is trustworthy and credible
narration (anecdote & process)
telling the story of a specific event or experience
description
listing the concrete or abstract characteristics of something so that the reader can imagine it clearly
exemplification
listing various examples, iterations, appearances, or proofs of a point previously made
cause/effect
showing how one thing leads to another, or tracing the unseen root of something already observed
compare/contrast
lining up two subjects to show similarity/difference
classification/division
listing and distinguishing the various parts or categories that make up a whole; showing the structure of a complex system or group
definition
explaining a new or important idea so as to make its identity distinct from all other ideas
dictionâ connotation
positive and negative
dictionâ high
formal
dictionâ low
not formal
dictionâ abstract
not specific
dictionâ concrete
specific
dictionâ allusion
deliberate, unexplained echoes of other famous texts, events, or entities
dictionâ simple
not complex
dictionâ elaborate
complex
dictionâ emphatic
forcefulness
dictionâ weak
lack of forcefulness
syntax
the way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences
periodic sentence
a sentence in which the important material is delayed until the end or near the end
tone
the means by which a writer conveys attitudes, more specifically what attitude the writer wants to convey to the reader
direct object
tells what or whom/completes the meaning of action verbs, follows a transitive verb
subject complement
a noun, pronoun, or adjective that appears with a linking verb and gives more information about the subject
participial phrase
always adjectival, [verb]ing, [verb]ed, [verb]en
gerund phrase
always nominal, [verb]ing
infinitive phrase
either adjectival, adverbial, or nominal, [to][verb]
prepositional phrase
either adjectival, adverbial, or nominal, [prep][obj.]
appositive phrase
noun phrase, further describes the subject, usually begins with articles or a noun
subordination
to background one idea/ to demote it to a mere phrase
semicolons
a punctuation mark that is used to link together two independent clauses within a single sentence
colons
used to give emphasis, present dialogue, introduce lists or text, and clarify composition titles
hyphen
used to make a compound word/expression (en-dash)
dash
used to show a sudden break or change in thought (em-dash)
parallelism (synchesis)
a rhetorical device that contains a repetition in the structure AB//AB, where the order of the elements in the first expression is maintained in the second expression
anaphora
a rhetorical device in which a word or phrase is repeated at the beginnings of successive phrases or sentences
asyndeton
a rhetorical device in which expected conjunctions are omitted
polysyndeton
a rhetorical device in which there are more conjunctions than is normal
antithesis
a rhetorical device which employs a balanced pair of opposites
epistrophe
a rhetorical device in which a word or words are repeated at the end of successive phrases or sentences
rhetorical climax
the order in which items are arranged in sequence according to their importance, with the most important one last
tricolon
a rhetorical device containing a succession of three coordinate items
tetracolon
a rhetorical device containing a succession of four coordinate items
cumulative sentence
begins with a main clause, then adds more info
brazen
flagrantly audacius
harbinger
a signal or indicator of what is to come
auspicious
accompanied by favorable circumstances
mirth
cheerfulness, especially when expressed by laughter
obsequious
exhibiting servile compliance or deference; fawning
circumscribe
to encircle, delimit, or define the bounds of something
enmity
deep-seated, often mutual hatred
clamor
a loud outcry; a hubbub
vouchsafe
to grant generously to someone beneath you
extant
still in existence; not lost or destroyed
fetters
chains or shackles
bulwark
a defense or safeguard
chide
to scold mildly
whet
to sharpen
ardor
intensity of feeling; fervency
abate
to lessen over time or as a result of changing conditions
germane
relevant to the subject at hand
dearth
shortage; lack; small supply
aloof
emotionally distant
felicity
happiness
upshot
final result or outcome; bottom line of a complex situation
entreaty
a serious request
credulity
the capacity for belief
incredulous
unable to believe something
caustic
harshly critical especially sarcastically/corrosive to human skin
infernal
relating to hell; very bad or unpleasant
procure
to obtain by action or effort
palpable
able to be touched or felt; easily perceptible
ominous
portending or suggesting evil in the future
facetious
joking or jesting un seriously or inappropriately
impropriety
state of being improper
conducive
making a certain situation/outcome likely or possible
jocund
marked by or suggestive of high spirits and gladness
capacious
able to hold or contain a lot
avarice
a strong desire to have or obtain money
execrable
detestable; deserving to be denounced
fraught
full of or accompanied by something specified
boisterous
very noisy and active in a lively way
opulence
luxury and finery indicative of wealth
confer
to give something to someone
officious
intrusively or annoyingly enthusiastic in offering help or advice
malady
an illness, disease, or disorder
livid
extremely angry
odious
causing or deserving of hatred
Note
Flashcard