Biology - DNA

DNA

Nucleic acid made up of nucleotides joined into two long strands shaped as a double helix

Purines

are a two ring structure (Adenine and Guanine)

Pyrimidines

are a 1 ring structure (Thymine and Cytosine)

What does DNA contain?

DNA contains information used to determine inherited characteristics

What do cells need codes for?

Cells need codes for making materials in the cells + to function properly

Chromosomes consist of DNA wrapped around ___?

Histone proteins

What do the 4 types of DNA nucleotides create?

They create the language for our genetic code

What are the 4 types of DNA nucleotides?

4 nitrogenous bases

How many hydrogen bonds does Adenine and Thymine have?

2 hydrogen bonds

How many hydrogen bonds does Guanine and Cytosine have?

3 hydrogen bonds

The two sides of the DNA helix are held together by ___?

The sugar phosphate backbone

What does DNA do?

DNA stores all genetic information, copies information, and transmits information

When does DNA get copied?

DNA gets copied during interphase before going into a new cell

What do nucleotides consist of?

A nitrogen base, phosphate group, and deoxyribose molecule

What are the 4 nitrogen bases?

Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine

What does Adenine pair with?

Adenine pairs with Thymine (Apples in the Tree)

What does Guanine pair with?

Guanine pairs with Cytosine (Cars in the Garage)

What is a nucleotide made of?

Ribose sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogen base

What did Watson and Crick build?

Built a model that helped explain the double helix structure + properties of DNA. The model also showed the base-pairing rule

What did Watson and Crick discover?

Discovered the two strands run in opposite directions

What did Rosalind Franklin study?

She studied DNA in the 1950s with x-ray diffraction

What was Rosalind Franklin able to do?

She was able to get a good understanding of the DNA structure

What is Erwin Chargaff's Rule?

The percentages of guanine and cytosine bases are almost equal, the same for thymine and adenine

What is DNA polymerase?

Enzymes that create DNA molecules by assembling nucleotides. The enzymes are essential to DNA replication

What is RNA and its primary function?

Single strand made from nucleotides and primary function to create proteins

What does RNA contain?

Sugar backbone, phosphate, and nitrogen base

What nitrogen bases does RNA have?

Cytosine, Adenine, Guanine, Uracil, and Thymine

What are the chemical components of DNA?

Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, and hydrogen

When do hydrogen bonds occur?

They occur between two strands and involve a base from one strand with a base from the second in complementary pairing