Digestive System

Which of the following is NOT a function of the digestive system?

B) eliminate nitrogenous wastes

The uvula is a part of the

C) palate

Identify the tissue type that forms the majority of the tongue.

C) Skeletal muscle

Identify the salivary gland that is located just anterior and inferior to the ears.

A) parotid

Saliva contains the enzyme

A) amylase

Which of the following is NOT a function of saliva?

D) begins digestion of protein

Define gingivitis.

B) Inflammation of the gums

How many teeth are in a full deciduous (baby teeth) set?

A) 20

Identify the three sets of salivary gland.

A) Parotid, sublingual and submandibular gland

Identify the two primary components of saliva.

A) Amylase and mucous

Identify the function of amylase.

B) Aids in the digestion of carbohydrates.

Identify the type of teeth that help tear food.

B) canines

Which part of the pharynx is NOT part of the passageway for food?

A) nasopharynx

What structure closes off the nasopharynx during swallowing?

C) uvula

The mixture of chewed food and saliva is the

A) bolus.

Which structure covers the opening to the larynx during swallowing?

D) epiglottis

The rhythmic contractions of the alimentary canal that moves food forward is

D) peristalsis.

The inner tissue layer of the GI tract is the

C) mucosa.

Identify the layers of the wall of the digestive tract from deepest to most superficial.

B) Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and serosa

Throughout the majority of the digestive tract the muscularis consists of ____ layers of ______ muscle.

B) 2; smooth

The folds in the mucosa of the stomach are called

B) rugae.

Identify the 4 regions of the stomach

B) body, cardiac, fundic and pyloric

Identify stomach secretions.

D) HCl, gastrin, intrinsic factor and pepsinogen

Which of the following gastric secretory cells is CORRECTLY matched with its secretion(s)?

B) parietal cells -- hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor

How long does food normally stay in the stomach?

A) 2 to 6 hours

The mixture of stomach secretions and food is called

B) chyme.

Identify the stomach secretion that activates pepsin, destroys bacteria and breaks down connective tissue ingested.

B) HCl

Identify the stomach secretion that binds to vitamin B12 and thus prevents the destruction of vitamin B12.

C) Intrinsic factor

Identify the hormone secreted by the stomach that controls muscular contraction and secretions of the stomach.

A) Gastrin

The pyloric sphincter is between the:

D) stomach and duodenum

The serous membrane that covers the abdominal organs is the

C) visceral peritoneum.

List the regions of the small intestine in the correct order from first to last.

C) duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Which of the following is NOT a component of a villus?

D) rugae

A lacteal is a(n)

C) lymph vessel

Identify the structure that secretes cholecystokinin (CCK).

C) small intestine

Where do the pancreatic enzymes function?

C) duodenum of the small intestine

What is the function of bile?

B) emulsify fats

Bile is produced by the and stored in the .

C) liver, gall bladder

A mixing, yet moving forward movement of the small intestines is called

D) segmentation.

Gastrin, which is released by stomach cells, causes

C) stomach release of gastric juices.

Which of the following does NOT affect digestive tract functions?

D) All of the above effect digestive functions.

Which of the following lists the sections of the large intestine in the correct sequence?

C) cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal

The acidic chyme of the stomach is neutralized in the small intestine by that is produced by the .

D) sodium bicarbonate; pancreas

The network of nerves within the walls of the digestive tract that controls the movement and secretions of the digestive tract is the nervous system.

C) enteric

Identify the three hormones secreted by the small intestine.

A) CCK, GIP and secretin

You walk into a bakery and smell all of the wonderful smells of the breads and pastries. As a result, you become hungry and your stomach begins to "rumble". This is a result of the _ of digestive regulation.

A) cephalic phase

The hormone that stimulates hunger is and the hormone that stimulates a feeling of fullness is .

C) ghrelin, leptin

Leptin and ghrelin are both hormones that affect the hunger and appetite. Both hormones act upon the:

B) hypothalamus

The appendix is attached to the

B) cecum.

The last part of the colon is called the colon.

C) sigmoid

Identify all of the structures that comprise the large intestine.

D) cecum, colon, rectum and anal canal

A possible function of the appendix may be to:

C) fight infection

The large intestine functions to

D) B and C, but not A.

What condition is characterized by the presence of sac-like pouches in the colon?

B) diverticulosis

Which of the following is NOT a normal function of the bacteria living in the large intestine?

D) cause disease and infection

Haustra, pouch like structures, are associated with the:

B) large intestine

Identify examples of accessory organs of the digestive system.

B) Gallbladder, liver, pancreas and salivary glands.

Identify components of pancreatic juice.

A) amylase, lipase, sodium bicarbonate and trypsin

Identify the pancreatic enzyme that is correctly matched with the nutrient it breaks down.

B) lipase -- fats (triglycerides)

Identify the pancreatic secretion that is important for neutralizing the acidic chyme from the stomach.

C) bicarbonate

Both pepsin and trypsin primarily produce products called

D) peptides.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?

C) Digestive enzyme production.

A yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes is

B) jaundice.

A liver disease in which fat invades the tissue, then hardens into scar tissue is

C) cirrhosis.

What substance is needed by the digestive enzymes to chemically break down food?

D) water

The final products of the enzymatic digestion of carbohydrates (starch) are

D) glucose

Carbohydrates (starches) are chemically broken down in the

C) mouth and small intestine.

Identify the locations of protein digestion.

B) stomach and small intestine.

The final product(s) of protein digestion is/are

B) amino acids.

Enzymes for carbohydrate digestion come from all of the following sources EXCEPT

A) gastric juices.

Enzymes for protein digestion come from all of the following sources EXCEPT

B) saliva.

Fats, such as triglycerides, are chemically broken down into

C) fatty acids and glycerol.

Which of the following is the correct enzyme to break down lactose into glucose and galactose?

D) lactase

Which of the following digestion products are NOT absorbed directly into the blood for distribution to the body?

B) fatty acids

As a person ages, the liver

D) shrinks and needs more time to metabolize drugs and alcohol.

If our bodies are unable to produce some amino acids, nutritionists call them _?

C) essential amino acids

What are the water soluble vitamins?

D) C, B

Which vitamin is correctly matched with its role in the body?

D) Vitamin C -- needed to form collagen

Which mineral is NOT correctly matched with its role in the body?

D) sodium -- needed to prevent anemia

Which of the following is NOT a factor in obesity?

D) exercise

Eating to excess, then purging, describes which eating disorder?

A) bulimia nervosa

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of anorexia nervosa?

D) diarrhea

The most important factor in heat-related deaths is

A) inadequate intake of water

Which of the following statements about fluid and electrolyte balance is true?

C) The composition of fluid varies across different compartments in the body.

Which of the following electrolytes is most concentrated within the cell?

D) potassium

The highest concentration of protein is found in

A) intracellular fluid

The most likely cause of net fluid movement between compartments is a change in

A) osmotic pressure

Most of the volume of water taken in each day comes from

A) beverages

Thirst is experienced when

C) the hypothalamus is stimulated by increasing osmotic pressure in the blood

The primary regulator of water output is

C) urine production

The volume of water lost from the body in the urine is mainly regulated by mechanisms in the

D) distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct

Water can be lost from the body in feces, sweat, urine, and respiration.

A) True