World History Q4 Test 1 Study Guide

Vladimir Lenin

communist leader of Bolshevik Revolution

Joseph Stalin

industrialized Russia through force and violence

Great Purge

Stalin's attempt to eliminate political rivals

Gulags

Soviet labor camps

Sigmund Freud

- Human subconscious

- Ideas promoted self-expression

C.S. Lewis

apologist who convinced many of God's existence

Black Tuesday

stock market crash that began the Great Depression

Beer Hall Putsch

failed coup attempt by Nazi Party

Enabling Act

gave Hitler legal dictatorial powers

Appeasement

giving into demands to avoid war

Blitzkrieg

"lightning war" strategy

by Germany in WWII

Lend-Lease Act

allowed US to sell war material to Allies

Manhattan Project

program to build first atomic bombs

J Robert. Oppenheimer

physicist in charge of Manhattan Project

Benito Mussolini

Italian dictator who began fascist movement

Adolf Hitler

leader of Nazi Germany

Hideki Tojo

Japanese general during World War II

Neville Chamberlain

British PM who appeased Hitler

Winston Churchill

prime ministers who rallied British against Germany

Franklin D. Roosevelt

U.S. President during World War II

Dwight D. Eisenhower

supreme Allied commander in Europe

Douglas MacArthur

U.S general who commanded Pacific Theater

Dunkirk

- 300,000+ soldiers evacuated

- saved Allies from defeat

Operation Barbarossa

failed German invasion of Russia

Pearl Harbor

Japan surprise attack of US military base in Hawaii

Battle of Stalingrad

- turning point for Europe

- bloodiest battle in history

D-Day

Allied invasion of beaches of Normandy, France

Battle of Midway

turning point of the Pacific Theater

Iwo Jima

vital base for attack of mainland Japan

Okinawa

deadliest battle in Pacific Theater

How did World War I and the Treaty of Versailles lead to World War II?

Treaty of Versailles punished Germany harshly with debt, lost land, and a weak military.

This caused anger and economic problems, which helped leaders like Adolf Hitler rise to power and start WW2.

Explain Karl Marx's view of history. What two groups did he divide society into?

Believed class struggle; - Bourgeoisie (capitalists)

- Proletariat (working class)

Why was Lenin's New Economic Policy successful?

- less government control

- some profit allowed

Explain the difference between liberalism and conservatism.

Liberalism: - improving & reforming society

- embraces change

Conservatism: - preserving tradition & customs

- resists change

What was the name of Hitler's autobiography?

Mein Kampf

What was the period of unrivaled American prosperity in the 1920s called?

Roaring Twenties

Explain the aspects of fascism and Nazism.

Fascism: - authoritarian government

- strictly regulated capitalism

- extreme nationalism

Nazism: - German racial superiority

- anti-Semitism

- nationalism & expansion

Know the countries belonging to the Axis and Allied Powers.

Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, Japan)

Allied Powers (Britain, France, US, China)

What was the United States' strategy in the Pacific called?

Island hopping

Describe the dangerous conditions of the Pacific Theater.

- "Banzai" attacks

- Jungles, swamps, diseases

- Kamikazes (suicide pilots)

The United States dropped atomic bombs on which Japanese cities?

Hiroshima & Nagasaki

What years did World War II begin and end?

1939-1945