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What did the Federalists do to make them seem better?
They began to make the anti-federalist party look bad and did this by accusing Jefferson of having an affair with a slave. This was called a whispering campaign.
What happened in each of Jefferson’s terms?
First Term: Tripolitan War (increased American moral since he made the military smaller), Louisiana Purchase, Lewis and Clark expedition, cut taxes and the military.
Second Term: Embargo Act (Prevented trade with every single country to prevent warfare between English & French [HURT ECONOMY]), Created Macon's Bill No. 2 & The Non-intercourse Act.
What is the Revolution of 1800?
The term given to the election of 1800; no Federalist became president after this election. Jefferson was elected.
What was Jefferson’s goal during his early presidency? How did he reshape Federalist ideas?
Reduce the Military, restore the republican party and check the growth of government power. He wanted to have friendship with all nations and entangling alliances with none.
He did not destroy or remove many Federalist buildings or ideas and rather embraced Federalism to secure the US.
What was the Naturalization Law of 1802?
The undoing of the Sedition Act, Jefferson quickly reduced the requirement of 14 years of residence to the previous 5 years.
Who was Albert Gallatin
The 2nd Secretary of Treasury and believed that a national debt wasn't a blessing, so he reduced it.
What was the Judiciary Act of 1801?
Passed by the expiring Federalist Congress, it created 16 new federal judgeships and other judicial offices. The new Republican-Democratic Congress repealed the act and kicked out the 16 newly seated judges, besides John Marshall because of powerful smartness and personality.
What was Marbury vs. Madison (1803)?
Marbury sued James Madison because President Adams made him a judge, however, the paperwork was never made to make Marbury a judge. Outcome: defines the Judicial Branch (Judicial Review)
What was the Tripolitania War?
Taking place in the Mediterranean Sea, Barbary pirates demanded money to freely sail which led to Jefferson sending the small navy there to fight them. US believed they won the war.
Summarize the Louisiana Purchase…
Napoleon Bonaparte convinced the king of Spain to cede him land in Louisiana in 1800. Not wanting to fight Napoleon and France in western America, Jefferson sent James Monroe to join Robert Livingston in Paris in 1803 to buy as much land as he could for $10 million. Both negotiated and signed a treaty in 1803, ceding Louisiana to the United States for $15 million.
What was the Corps of Discovery?
After the Louisiana Purchase, Jefferson sent his personal secretary, Meriwether Lewis and a military officer, William Clark to explore the northern part of the purchase during 1804-06.
What was the Chesapeake affair?
A royal British ship attacked a U.S. frigate (Called the Chesapeake) after the Americans refused to returned four alleged British deserters. The British fired rounds at the Chesapeake, killing 3 and taking the alleged deserters.
What was the Embargo Act (how did it start; another question asks how it ended).
In an effort to avoid war, Jefferson passed this and it banned the exportation goods to any country. With it, Jefferson planned to force France and England (who slightly depended on American Trade) to respect America and its citizens. This was heavily hated by citizens and significantly hurt the profits of U.S. merchants.
How did the Embargo Act END?
The act was repealed because Jefferson overestimated the dependence of Britain and France on America's trade. Instead, Jefferson enacted The Non-Intercourse Act, which opened up trade to every country except France and Britain.
What happened in the North during The Non-Intercourse Act?
Rather than crumbling, it inspired the north to reopen old factories and create new ones since imports were scare and shipping was tied up.
What is Macon’s Bill No. 2?
It reopened American trade with the entire world, but it had a clause stating that if Britain or France repealed its commercial restrictions, then the U.S. would reinstate its trading embargo against the non-repealing country.
What were war hawks?
The members of the Twelfth Congress who wanted to go to war with the British and eliminate the Indian forts in Canada (British were arming them).
Who were Indian people who allied Indian Tribes in the rising war between America and the British?
Tecumseh & Tenskwatawa
What was the Battle of Tippecanoe?
In an attempt to stop the British in allying with Indian forts, William Henry Harrison brought an army to present-day Indiana and killed Tenskwatawa, halting the British in allying with Indians.
What was one way to help America in the War of 1812?
It was to invade Canada where the Indians' stronghold was because the Indians were being armed by the British to attack the settlers. (Led by Democratic-Republicans and opposed by Federalists)
What was the War of 1812?
STARTED during conflicts between British ships taking advantage of the Chesapeake ship. Warfare between British and America that started in Canada. America won and it established that America is completely independent and doesn't need the British. The Treaty of Ghent ended the war and everything was the same as before.
Who were notable people in the War of 1812?
Andrew Jackson (commanded the war for America), Oliver Hazard Perry (captured a British fleet), General Harrison (his army overtook the British in the Battle of the Thames), and Thomas Macdonough (forced British army near Plattsburgh to retreat with his navy, saving upper New York).
What happened to the Washington STATE during the War of 1812?
A second British force attacked Washington D.C. and burnt most of the capital, including the White House and Capitol.
Possible QUIZ Questions (do not answer, just review)
Describe the Presidency of Thomas Jefferson…
What were some effects of the Louisiana Purchase?
Describe the effects of The Embargo Act…
What was Madison’s Presidency like for the US?
Summarize the War of 1812… (created America more independent; industries did not have to rely on Britain as much and created a spark in nationalism).
What role did conflicts involving Slavery achieve for the US?
What was the Battle of New Orleans?
Led by Andrew Jackson (later the hero of the war), it was an attack by the British during the War of 1812 that was the turning point in the war.
What was the Treaty of Ghent? (What were some after-effects of the war)
Signed by John Quincy Adams Henry Clay in Ghent, Belgium in 1814, it was an armistice between the British and America. Led to higher nationalism and the re-introduction of the Bank of America.
What was the Hartford Convention?
It was created when three states Island met in Hartford, Connecticut for a secret meeting to discuss their disgust regarding the War of 1812. They contemplated ceding from the U.S.
What was the Rush-Bagot Agreement?
Made between the U.S. and Britain, it limited naval armament on the Great Lakes.
What was the Tariff of 1816?
A protective tariff, to protect American companies from the British selling factory items for way less. The tariff placed a 20-25% tax on the value of dutiable imports.
What was the American System?
Created by Henry Clay, it was a plan for developing a profitable U.S. economy. It had 3 main parts: strong banking system, protective tariff to protect industries, and the creation of a network of roads from the tariff money.
What was the Era of Good Feelings?
Nearing the elimination of Federalists, it was were the two parties got along.
What was the Panic of 1819?
The first financial panic since Washington’s Presidency. The main cause was over-speculation in frontier lands. Southerners suspected that The Bank of the United States was at fault because it foreclosed many poor farms.
Why did people move to the west?
Cheap land, Construction of highways, wiped out Indian territories, more farming capabilities of tobacco.
What was the Land Act of 1820?
Enacted in the West, it authorized a buyer to purchase 80 unowned acres at a minimum of $1.25 an acre.
What was the Tallmadge Amendment?
Passed by the House of Representatives, it made it difficult for Missouri to become a state. It denied the importation of slaves to Missouri and for the gradual “freeing” of children born to slave parents already in Missouri. The amendment was defeated by the slave states in Congress.
What was peculiar institution?
Expression used to describe slavery and its economic impacts in the South
What was the Missouri Compromise?
Draw a line at the southern bottom of Missouri saying anything below it will be a slave state and anything above it would be a free state.
What was McCulloch vs. Maryland?
An attempt by Maryland to destroy a branch of the Bank of the United States by imposing a tax on the Bank's notes. John Marshall declared the U.S. Bank constitutional and strengthened federal authority when he denied Maryland the right to tax the bank.
What was Cohens vs. Virginia?
Involved Cohens appealing to the Supreme Court after being found guilty of illegally selling lottery tickets in Virginia. This case cemented the powers of the federal government.
What was Fletcher vs. Peck?
Georgia legislature granted tons of acres to private speculators. John Marshall allowed this and reinforced that property rights were protected.
What was Dartmouth College vs. Woodward?
Dartmouth College was given a charter by King George III but New Hampshire wanted to take it away. John Marshall ruled in favor of the college.
Who was the Secretary of State after James Monroe?
John Quincy Adams
What was the Anglo-American Convention of 1818?
Allowed Americans to share fisheries with the Canadians and provided for a joint occupation of the Oregon Country without a surrender of the rights/claims of either America or Britain.
What did General Andrew Jackson do with Spanish-Florida?
Since South American nations were rebelling against Spain, Jackson went into Florida and punished Indians and recaptured runaways slaves.
What was the Adams-Onis Treaty?
Spain ceded Florida and Spanish claims to United States in exchange for America's claims to Texas. This created a zig-zag from the top left of America to the bottom-right.
What was the Monroe Doctrine?
Created by James Monroe (president) it was a message to Europe stating that if they continue to colonize Europe, the United States will attack. In return, the United States would stay out of their business. (little effect)
What was the Russo-American Treaty?
The Russians retreated farther north into Alaska and away from America.
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