Chapter 13 (Exam 4) Powerpoint Summarized - Molec Cell Bio

Glycolysis yields

2 ATP

Citric acid cycle yields

2 ATP

NADH (2 glycolysis) → FADH2 yields

3 ATP

In anaerobic conditions (no O2), pyruvate turns into fermentation and

regenerates NAD+

In aerobic conditions (O2 present), pyruvate turns into

acetyl CoA → citric acid cycle → ETC

The glycolysis enzyme dehydrogenase

removes electrons to generate NADH

The glycolysis enzyme kinase

transfers phosphate groups (ex: from ATP)

NADH and FADH2 donates electrons to

the ETC in the inner mitochondrial membrane

What is the primary purpose of cellular respiration?

to release energy from food molecules to generate ATP

Where does glycolysis occur?

in the cytosol

What is the final product of glycolysis?

2 pyruvate molecules (from 1 glucose)

What enzyme uses the proton gradient to produce ATP?

ATP synthase

How many total ATP are produced per molecule of glucose?

30-32 ATP

What are two differences between fermentation and aerobic respiration?

fermentation occurs without oxygen and produces no additional ATP beyond glycolysis

What are some functions of mitochondria besides ATP production?

regulating apoptosis, calcium signaling, biosynthesis precursors, and generating ROS

Which enzyme converts pyruvate to Acetyl CoA?

pyruvate dehydrogenase complex